A faraday is equal to one mole of electric charge. Because each aluminum ion gains 3 electrons, 0.1 faraday of charge will reduce 0.1/3 moles of aluminum, or 0.033 moles of aluminum.
What is meant by aluminum ?
Aluminum was formally adopted by the American Chemical Society (ACS) in 1925, but the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) only did so in 1990.Including thus we arrive at the present, where aluminum is used everywhere else and by English-speaking people in North America.Aluminium is a light, silvery-white metal. It is bendable and soft. Numerous items, such as cans, foil, culinary utensils, window frames, beer kegs, and airplane components, are made of aluminum.Chemical element aluminum (Al), also written aluminum, belongs to the major Group 13 (IIIa, or boron group) of the periodic table. It is a light silvery white metal. The most prevalent nonferrous metal and the most plentiful metallic element in the crust of the Earth is aluminum.To learn more about aluminum refer to
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Select the most polar bond a) C-F b) N-F c) O-F d) B-F e) none are polar
The most polar bond is C-F. The difference in electronegativity between the two elements, carbon and fluorine, is very high.
What is polar bond?A polar bond is a type of chemical bond between two atoms in which the electrons are shared, but not evenly. One atom will have a slightly negative charge, while the other atom will have a slightly positive charge. This is due to the difference in the electronegativity of the two atoms. Common examples of polar bonds are water molecules, since oxygen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen.
Fluorine has an electronegativity of 4.0, whereas carbon has an electronegativity of 2.5. This large difference creates a polar covalent bond, with the fluorine end of the bond having a partial negative charge, and the carbon end having a partial positive charge. This makes the C-F bond the most polar of the choices given.
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for atoms aluminum and boron, explain which would have the lowest third ionization energy and why one is lower than the other as they both ahve three valence electrons
For atoms aluminum and boron, it has highest third ionization energy.
What is ionization energy?
Ionization energy, also known as ionization potential, is the amount of energy needed to remove an electron from a single atom or molecule in chemistry and physics.
What is valence electrons ?
For instance, oxygen contains six valence electrons, two of which are in the 2s subshell and four of which are in the 2p subshell. The oxygen valence electron configuration is 2s22p4.
The ionization potential of boron, the smallest of the IIIA group elements, is the highest. The increase in atomic radius is the reason why there is a substantial drop in ionization energy from boron to aluminum.
Therefore, for atoms aluminum and boron, it has highest third ionization energy.
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A sample of helium gas is in a closed system with a movable piston. The volume of the gas sample is changed when both the temperature and the pressure of the sample are increased. The table below shows the initial temperature, pressure, and volume of the gas sample, as well as the final temperature and pressure of the sample.In the space in your answer booklet, show a correct numerical setup for calculating the final volume of the helium gas sample.
Final volume of the helium gas is 2.67 L.
What is helium gas?Helium gas is an odorless, colorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and non-flammable gas. It is the second most abundant element in the universe and makes up about 24% of the elemental mass of the universe. Helium is a noble gas and is not known to form any compounds. It is most commonly used in cryogenics and as a pressurizing gas in airships, weather balloons, and diving bells. It is also used in gas lasers, welding, and other industrial applications. Helium gas is also used in medical applications such as MRI scans, and in scientific research such as spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Initial Conditions: T1 = 300 K, P1 = 0.5 atm, V1 = 2.0 L
Final Conditions: T2 = 400 K, P2 = 1.0 atm
Numerical Setup:
V2 = ?
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
V2 = P1V1T2/P2T1
V2 = (0.5 atm)(2.0 L)(400 K)/(1.0 atm)(300 K)
V2 = 2.67 L
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an unknown organic compound (0.315 g) containing only c, h, and o produces 0.771 of co2 and 0.105 g of h2o when it undergoes complete combustion. the approximate molar mass is 108 g/mol. which of the following compounds could be the identification of the unknown? group of answer choices
The identification of the unidentified C6H4O2 could be made using the following chemical molecules.
Given that (m) = 0.315 g, the mass of the unknown chemical compound.
The sole elements in the compound are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and it completely burns.
CO2 generated mass (m1) = 0.771g
H2O generated mass (m2) = 0.105g
The organic compound (M) has a molar mass of 108g/mol.
The first thing we determine is the mass of the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the supplied compounds. The chemical's empirical formula is then determined further. Using the empirical formula, we can determine the chemical from the given molar mass.
Molar mass/Molar mass of CO2 x mass of CO2 = 12/44x0.771
Mass of carbon in organic molecule (M1) = 0.2103g
The mass of hydrogen (M2) is equal to = 2/18x0.105, or= 0.012g.
oxygen mass (M3) is equal to = 0.315 - (0.2103 + 0.012) = 0.0927g.
Carbon moles equal = 0.2103/12 or 0.018.
1 mole of hydrogen is equal to = 0.012 moles.
Mole of oxygen is equal to = 0.0927/16, or 0.006.
n = Molecular formula/empirical formula = 108/54 = 2 is the resulting empirical formula.
C6H4O2 is the necessary organic molecule.
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complete question: An unknown organic compound (0.315 g) containing only c, h, and o produces 0.771 of co2 and 0.105 g of h2o when it undergoes complete combustion. the approximate molar mass is 108 g/mol. which of the following compounds could be the identification of the unknown? group of answer choices. A) Benzyl alcohol, C6H5CH2OH B) CH3C6H4OH C) 1,2-Benzoquinone, C6H4O2
Which of the following should be done when handling a corrosive? (More than 1 answer can be correct.) - know the location of eyewash stations & safety showers -wear long sleeved shirts, long pants,& liquid shedding close toed shoes -discard gloves after contamination or taking off -If exposed wash off skin immediately -use in the fume hood if the corrosive is an inhalant hazard -wear goggles, lab coat & gloves -use concentrated solutions whenever possible -carry bottles in secondary containers
The correct options are 1,2,3,4,5,6,8.
What are Corrosive Substances?
Corrosive substances are highly reactive substances that damage living tissue. They act directly by chemically destroying (oxidizing) the part or indirectly by igniting it. Acids and bases are common corrosives.
Option 1: Correct; Before handling corrosive materials, it is necessary to know the locations of eye washes and safety showers .
Option 2: Correct; we must wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants and water-shedding shoes so as to minimise the chances of coming in contact with the corrosive material.
Option 3: Correct; the gloves have to be discarded.
Option 4: Correct; If the skin gets exposed to the corrosive it immediately needs to be flushed with cold water for 10-15 minutes.
Option 5: Correct; if the corrosive substance is an inhalant hazard then we must wear a fume hood before handling it.
Option 6: Correct; goggles, lab coat and gloves are a must in order to ensure safety.
Option 7: Incorrect; this is wrong because it is unsafe to use concentrated solutions more as the chances of coming in contact with these and getting harmed are more. Also, additional safety measures have to be taken while dealing with concentrated solutions like acids.
Option 8: Correct; the corrosive needs to be carried in secondary bottles made of non-corrosion-resistant materials.
Hence, the solution.
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which of the following chemical equations are balanced when solid calcium carbonate decomposes into solid calcium oxide and gaseous carbon dioxide.
What was it about the land between the rivers that made it so inviting to early human civilization
Answer:
General-purpose governments provide many different services while special-purpose governments provide specific services.
Explanation:
put the following elements in order from lowest to highest first ionization energy and explain why: al, ar, cs, na.
The order of the elements from lowest to highest first ionization energy is: Cs, Na, Al, Ar
The first ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove the most loosely held electron from an atom or a positive ion. It is a measure of the atom's atomic stability.Cs has the lowest first ionization energy because it is the furthest element from the left of the periodic table and has the largest atomic radius. The outermost electron is farther away from the positively charged nucleus and is held less tightly than the electrons of the other atoms listed. Therefore, it requires less energy to remove an electron from Cs than from other elements.Na has a relatively lower first ionization energy than Al and Ar, as it is located in Group 1 of the periodic table, which makes it a metal and it has only one valence electron, which is farther away from the positively charged nucleus and is held less tightly than the electrons of Al and Ar. Al, is located in Group 13 of the periodic table, which makes it a metal, but it has three valence electrons and is farther away from the left side of the periodic table than Na and Cs, therefore it requires more energy to remove the outermost electron.
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2K3N + 3CaCl2 → 6KCl + Ca3N2
1 mol K3N = 131.301 g K3N
1 mol CaCl2 = 110.984 g CaCl2
1 mol KCl = 74.551 g KCl
1 mol Ca3N2 = 148.248 g Ca3N2
How many grams of CaCl2 would it take to make 1.5 moles of KCl?
a
110.984 g
b
83.238 g
c
54.213 g
d
166.476 g
which of the following describe how water mixes in a thermohaline current? select the two correct answers.
Cold water is submerged beneath warm water. Less salty water is submerged beneath saltier water. The two correct answers are as follows: explain how water combines in a thermohaline current.
The density of seawater increases as it grows saltier, and it begins to sink. Surface water is pulled in to replenish sinking water, which cools and salts sufficiently to sink. This initiates the deep-ocean currents that drive the global conveyer belt. Variations in water density generate deep currents, also known as thermohaline current circulation. As cold, dense water falls to the poles, these currents form. Over a 1000-year period, surface water flows to replenish sinking water, creating a conveyor belt-like effect of water round the planet. Cold water is submerged beneath warm water. Less salty water seeps beneath the surface.
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a solution has a [ag (aq)] of 0.01 m. the chloride concentration in solution is 1 x 10 -5 m. based on the following reaction, answer the following questions: agcl(s) ag (aq) cl - (aq), k sp
Based on the Ksp and the concentration of Ag+ ions in the solution, the concentration of chloride ions in the solution is not sufficient to reach equilibrium, meaning AgCl is not in a saturated state.
The reaction is the equilibrium of AgCl (s) dissolving in water to form Ag+ (aq) and Cl- (aq) ions:
AgCl (s) → Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
The equilibrium constant for this reaction is known as the solubility product constant (Ksp). The Ksp for AgCl is 1.8 x 10⁻¹⁰, which means that at equilibrium, the product of the concentrations of Ag+ and Cl- ions is 1.8 x 10⁻¹⁰.
Given that the [Ag+] in the solution is 0.01 M, we can use the Ksp and the [Ag+] to calculate the [Cl-]:
Ksp = [Ag+] [Cl-] = 1.8 x 10⁻¹⁰
[Cl-] = Ksp / [Ag+] = 1.8 x 10⁻¹⁰ / 0.01 = 1.8 x 10⁻⁹ M
This is much higher than the concentration of chloride ions in the solution, which is 1 x 10⁻⁵ M. Therefore, the solution is not at equilibrium and AgCl is not in a saturated state.
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A glass vessel contains 4 g of helium gas. Assuming ideal behavior, which of the processes listed below would double the pressure exerted on the walls of the vessel? (Select all that apply.) A) Adding 40 g of argon gas. B) Raising the temperature of the container from -73 °C to 127 °C. C) Raising the temperature of the container from 30. °C to 60. °C. D) Adding 4 g of argon gas. E) Adding enough mercury to fill one-half the container.
Raising the temperature of the container from -73 °C to 127 °C.
What is temperature?
Thermometers are calibrated in different temperature scales, which have historically relied on different reference points and thermometric substances for definition.The most common scales are the Celsius scale with the unit symbol °C (formerly called Celsius), the Fahrenheit scale (°F), and the Kelvin scale (K), the latter being used mostly for scientific purposes. Kelvin is the seven base units in the International System of Units (SI).To know more about temperature, click the link given below:
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the atomic mass unit . multiple select question. is based on the mass of an electron is based on the mass of an atom of c612 is often abbreviated as amu has units of grams is based on the mass of a hydrogen atom, which contains only 1 proton
The atomic mass unit is often abbreviated as amu, is based on the mass of an atom of C612C612.
What is meant by mass?
It is the most fundamental characteristic of matter and one of the fundamental quantities in physics.Mass is a term used to describe how much matter is there in a body. The kilogram is the SI unit of mass (kg).The amount of matter in a particle or object is represented by the dimensionless quantity mass (symbolized m).The kilogram is the International System's (SI) preferred unit of mass (kg).A three-dimensional object's volume is the area it takes up, and it is expressed in cubic units.Cm3 and in3 are two examples of cubic units. The amount of matter in an item can be determined by its mass, on the other hand. How much something weighs is frequently used to determine mass.To learn more about mass refer to
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the particle's change in speed over the distance d will be the change in speed when it had a mass equal to m .
According to Newton's second law of motion, force is equal to mass multiplied by acceleration (F = ma). Therefore, if the mass of the particle remains constant, the change in speed will be the same regardless of the mass of the particle.
In other words, the change in speed over the distance d will be the same for a particle with a mass of m as it would be for a particle with a different mass. This is because the force acting on the particle will be the same in both cases, and the only variable that changes is the mass of the particle, which does not affect the change in speed.
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identify the answer choice that lists 62co, 64ni, 61cu, and 64zn in order of increasing number of neutrons
62Co, 61Cu, 64Ni, 64Zn . the answer choice that lists 62co, 64ni, 61cu, and 64zn in order of increasing number of neutrons The number of neutrons equals.
neutrons the difference between the atomic mass number (M) and the atomic number (Z). Copper has an atomic mass of 63.5 and an atomic number of 29. - The atomic number of a neutral element is always equal to the amount of electrons or protons present. As a result, the copper atom has 34 neutrons.Cu-61 < Zn-64 < Co-62 < Ni-64. the answer choice that lists 62co, 64ni, 61cu, and 64zn in order of increasing number of neutrons The number of neutrons equals. Copper exists in nature primarily as two isotopes: 6329Cu and 6529Cu. An atom's atomic number is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus or the number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom. A sodium atom, for example, contains 11 electrons and 11 protons. As a result, the atomic number of the Na atom Equals number.
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2NH3(g)−→−−−−catalystN2(g)+3H2(g) On the basis of the data in the graph, which of the following best represents the rate law for the catalyzed decomposition of NH3(g)?
The best represents the rate law for the catalyzed decomposition of NH3(g) rate=k.
What is meant by catalyzed ?
acting as a catalyst to cause a chemical reaction to occur or to progress more quickly: It was once believed that cells' processes could only be catalyzed by proteins.Catalysis is the process by which the addition of a substance (the catalyst) that is not itself modified during the chemical reaction changes the rate at which chemical reactions occur.Usually, catalyzed reactions are employed to quicken the rate at which a certain chemistry develops. The catalyst's main function is to give the reaction a another, lower-energy pathway.A substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without changing itself is known as a catalyst.A circumstance, action, or someone responsible for a significant shift.To learn more about catalyzed refer to
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what molar ratio of hpo22 4 to h2po2 4 in solution would produce a ph of 7.0? phosphoric acid (h3po4), a triprotic acid, has three pka values: 2.14, 6.86, and 12.4. hint: only one of the pka values is relevant here.
The acid dissociation constant Ka's negative logarithm, or pKa value, serves as a gauge of acid strength.
The ratio-proportion formula is what?A: b a/b is the ratio formula, which may be used to calculate any two values. A:b::c:da:b::c:da, on the other hand, is how the percentage formula is written. The conjugate base to acid ratio of phosphoric acid is given by Se. The concentration of hydrogen ions in a substance's solution determines its pH; the lower the pH value, the higher the concentration.The acid dissociation constant Ka's negative logarithm, or pKa value, serves as a gauge of acid strength.The sum of the market share percentages owned by the most specified number of companies within an industry is used to determine the concentration ratio.To learn more about ratio-proportion refer to:
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How do I even answer and draw this? Can someone answer this for me please
Grade 10 chemistry
The distinctive bluish-green color of the flame is brought about by copper.
Flame test: What is it?
Using each element's distinct flame emission spectrum (which may be impacted by the presence of chloride ion), a flame test is an analytical method used in chemistry to detect the presence of specific elements, primarily metal ions. The general color of flames is also influenced by temperature and oxygen availability. A sample of the element or compound needs to be heated up by a non-luminous flame in order to perform the test. The resulting flame's color must then be scrutinized.
Atoms from the sample are heated during evaporation for the experiment, and this heat causes the atoms to emit light.
Prior to the solid particles that have been finely divided
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At pH 7 which of the following peptides will bind to concentration of NaCl for elution? anion-exchange column and require the lowest
The Answer is HIPAGEATEKALRGD.
What are Anionic Peptides?
Since their first description in the early 1980s, anionic antimicrobial peptides/proteins (AAMPs) have established themselves as key components of the innate immune system of vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. These peptides are effective against pests such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and insects.
The answer is that anionic peptides bind to anion exchange columns. The overall charge of the peptide depicts the strength of binding. Of the options given, only C has a net negative charge. Peptide C has a net charge of -5, whereas peptide D elutes at a lower salt concentration than peptide D. This is due to the need to understand the design of anion exchange experiments and the role of elution in their design in order to determine the adequacy of the technique.
Hence, the solution.
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choose the compound below that contains at least one polar covalent bond, but is nonpolar. group of answer choices pocl3 pclbr4 pcl5 po2cl both b and c are nonpolar and contain a polar covalent bond.
CF4 is nonpolar as geometry of CF4 is tetrahedral; due to mutual cancellation of dipole moment. Thus option B is correct.
What are the compound that contains least polar covalent bond?A non polar molecule is one in which there is no separation of charge and the electrons are shared equally between the atoms.Out of the options given, only PCL5 contains at least one polar covalent bond but is nonpolar.POCL3 has a polar covalent bond between the oxygen atom and the chlorine atoms but is polar in nature.PCLBr4 and PO2Cl both contain polar covalent bonds but are polar in nature.In PCL5, the five chlorine atoms are symmetrically arranged around the central phosphorus atom, which cancels out any net dipole moment and results in a non polar molecule.To summarize, PCL5 is the compound that contains at least one polar covalent bond but is non polar.To learn more about covalent bonds refer:
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Complete question:
Which of the following molecules would have a higher boiling point? How do you know? i. CS or CO2? ii. Ozor Hz? ili. SiH, or SnH? 11. Based on the information in the following table, which of the molecules presented has the weakest intermolecular forces? Which has the strongest? Substance Boiling point (°C) -78 142 CH 3F CHCI СН Br CH! CCIA 4 42 לול
i. CS2, because it has stronger London dispersion forces, due to its larger molecular weight.
ii. Ozor Hz, because it has stronger dipole-dipole forces.
iii. SiH4, because it also has stronger London dispersion forces than SnH4.
The CH3F molecule has the weakest intermolecular forces, and the CHCl3 molecule has the strongest intermolecular forces.
What is dispersion forces?
Dispersion forces, also known as London forces, are a type of intermolecular force that is caused by the temporary dipole moments that result from the fluctuating distribution of electrons in molecules and other particles. They are the weakest intermolecular force, and are responsible for phenomena such as surface tension and viscosity.
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three sections of the periodic table are labeled a, b, and c in the image below. a representation of the periodic table is shown. the cells of the periodic table are left blank. a zig zag section of the periodic table is shaded gray. this section is labeled b. the section on the right of this gray shaded section is labeled c and the section on the left of this gray shaded section is labeled a. which of the following statements is most likely true for an element present in section a? (5 points) it is dull and brittle. it is malleable and ductile. it is a liquid at room temperature. it is a poor conductor of electricity.
The most likely answer is that it is malleable and ductile.
What is periodic table?The periodic table is an organized arrangement of the known chemical elements. It is arranged in order of increasing atomic number (the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom). Each element is placed in a specific location because of its atomic structure. The table is organized into rows and columns, with each element represented by its atomic number, symbol, name, and atomic mass. The periodic table is used to predict the properties of elements, as well as their compounds. It is also used to identify the elements in a compound and determine the number of atoms present in a given sample.
Section A of the periodic table is made up of the alkali metals, which are generally soft and have low melting points, making them malleable and ductile. They are also solid at room temperature and poor conductors of electricity.
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Read the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (click the SDS icon below) of hydrogen peroxide to identify the type of eye protection recommended when handling this substance. SDS Select one: Safety glasses Tightly fitting safety goggles O Eyeglasses with safety shields O Any of the choices listed are adequate eye protection,
Any of the choices listed are adequate eye protection, depending on the situation. The SDS for hydrogen peroxide recommends safety glasses, tightly fitting safety goggles, or eyeglasses with safety shields.
What is the hydrogen peroxide?
Hydrogen peroxide is a colorless liquid that is a strong oxidizing agent. It is composed of two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms, and it is usually found as a pale blue liquid. It is used as a disinfectant and bleaching agent, as well as in rocket fuel and in the production of various chemicals. Hydrogen peroxide is a powerful oxidizer and can cause damage to living cells if used improperly. It breaks down into water and oxygen when it is exposed to light or certain enzymes, making it a safe and effective disinfectant. It is also used in hair bleaching, teeth whitening, and stain removal.
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T/F the nuclear receptor err cooperates with the cardiogenic factor gata4 to orchestrate cardiomyocyte maturation
Yes, due to the presence of ligands, nuclear hormone receptors are also in charge of binding hormones.
An intracellular steroid and thyroid hormone receptor are a type of protein called a nuclear receptor. Nuclear receptors and these hormones' interactions alter the pattern of gene expression, allowing for the transcription of some genes while silencing others. As a result, distinct proteins, enzymes, and RNA translation products are produced. Nuclear receptors have a direct connection to DNA and regulate the expression of some genes, which in turn controls the organism's growth, homeostasis, and metabolism. A typical nuclear receptor has the following domains: The transcriptional activation mechanism is contained in the amino-terminal activation domain, which has a very varied sequence (AF1). The major characteristic of the domain is the hiring of co-regulators.
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HELPPP PLEASEE w/ all
The covalent bond is present in the compound C₃H₈. The reactant C is 3, product C is 6, reactant H is 8, product H is 10, Reactant O is 2, product O is 9.
What is covalent bond ?
Atoms share electron pair between them in covalent bonds. H-H or C-H are examples of nonpolar covalent bonds between atoms with similar or identical electronegativity, whereas polar covalent bonds are formed when unequal electronegativity is shared between atoms (e.g., H–O).
What is reactant ?
Raw materials known as reactants combine to create products. When the right factors, such as temperature, time, or pressure, come into play, the chemical bonds between the reactants are broken, allowing the atoms to form new bonds that lead to various combinations.
Therefore, covalent bond is present in the compound C₃H₈. The reactant C is 3, product C is 6, reactant H is 8, product H is 10, Reactant O is 2, product O is 9.
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Based on their activation energies and energy changes and assuming that all collision factors are the same, which of the following reactions would be fastest in the reverse direction? a. Ea = 45 kJ/mol; ΔE = -25 kJ/mol b. Ea = 35 kJ/mol; ΔE = -10 kJ/mol c. Ea = 55 kJ/mol; ΔE = 10 kJ/mol
The reverse reaction occurs more quickly the larger the activation energy. Since Ea=Ea3 = 54 kJ/mol and E=E3 = 8 kJ/mol, the reaction with the fastest rate of reaction is the latter. C is the fastest reaction because it has the lowest Ea (34 kJ/mol).
The lowest amount of energy required for reactants to collide in order for a chemical reaction to occur is referred to as activation energy. The reverse reaction occurs more quickly the larger the activation energy.
Since Ea=Ea3 = 54 kJ/mol and E=E3 = 8 kJ/mol, the reaction with the fastest rate of reaction is the latter (Option A). K will only depend on Ea if A and T are constant for all reactions.
[2] states that the larger the k, the smaller the Ea. The larger the k, the higher the r, claims [1]. And the reaction is quicker when r is higher.
Overall, C is the fastest reaction because it has the lowest Ea (34 kJ/mol).
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How many calories particles are there in 15.0 moles of helium atoms?
Why does this data not represent a direct relationship? Time (s) 0 5 10 15 Temperature (°C) 4 10 18 22 A. they both increase B. the products of each variable does not equal a constant C. the quotients of each variable does not equal a constant D. it is an inverse relationship
C. the quotients of each variable does not equal a constant
A direct relationship is a linear relationship where the quotient of the two variables (the slope of the line) is always the same. In this case, the temperature increases by 6°C every 5 seconds. The quotient of the temperature and time does not remain constant, so this data does not represent a direct relationship.
The law of mass action states that ___. Select all that apply.
A) a chemical system reaches a state where the concentrations of reactants are products is a constant ratio
B) for an equilibrium system K changes until it equals the value of Q
C) a chemical system reaches a state in which reactant concentrations equal product concentrations
D) equilibrium can be reached from any direction, i.e., by beginning with a mixture of reactants or products, or both
According to the law of mass action:A) chemical system reaches a state in which the concentrations of reactants and products are a constant ratio.B) For an equilibrium system, K varies until it equals Q.D) Equilibrium can be attained in any direction, i.e., by starting with a mixture of reactants, products, or both.
According to the law of mass action, the rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the concentrations of the reactants. It also states that as a reaction proceeds, the concentrations of reactants decrease and the concentrations of products increase, until an equilibrium is reached. At equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction, and the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant. The equilibrium constant (K) is a value that describes the relative concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium. It is determined by the stoichiometry of the reaction and the standard free energy change of the reaction. constant (K) is a value that describes the relative concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium. It is determined by the stoichiometry of the reaction and the standard free energy change of the reaction.
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In forming a molecular structure, each atom should have ________ electrons around it unless there is some specific reason why this cannot be achieved.
a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 2
In forming a molecular structure, each atom should have 8 electrons around it (c. 8) unless there is some specific reason why this cannot be achieved.
The octet rule is a basic principle of chemical bonding that states that atoms tend to gain or lose electrons in order to achieve a full outermost electron shell (the valence shell) of 8 electrons. This is a general trend in chemical bonding and it is based on the principle that atoms tend to be most stable when they have a full valence shell.This is because atoms with a full valence shell are less likely to participate in chemical reactions, and thus they are less reactive. The octet rule applies to most elements in the periodic table except for hydrogen and helium which are an exception to this rule. So the electrons around the atom are important for the stability of the molecule, and atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons in order to achieve a full outermost electron shell of 8 electrons.
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