Describe a NAMED example of a non-equilibrium system with respect to it’s energetic nature and equilibrium status.

Answer:

There is 13.48 grams of P2O5 formed

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

A decomposition of a sample of diphosphorus trioxide forms 1.29 g phosphorus to every 1.00 g oxygen.

Mass of P = 5.89 grams

Molar mass of O2 = 32.0 g/mol

atomic mass of P = 30.97 g/mol

molar mass of P2O5 = 141.94 g/mol

Step 2: The balanced equation

4P(s)+5O2(g)⇔ 2P2O5(s)

Step 3: Calculate moles of P

Moles P = Mass P / atomic mass P

Moles P = 5.89 grams / 30.97 g/mol

Moles P = 0.190 moles

Step 4: Calculate moles of P2O5

For 4 moles P we need 5 moles O2 to produce 2 moles P2O5

For 0.190 moles of P we'll have 0.190/2 = 0.095 moles P2O5

Step 5: Calculate mass of P2O5

Mass P2O5 = moles P2O5 * molar mass P2O5

Mass P2O5 = 0.095 moles * 141.94 g/mol

Mass P2O5 = 13.48 grams

There is 13.48 grams of P2O5 formed

Given concentration of NaCl=15%

Means ,

In every 100g of Solution 15g of NaCl is present .

Now

So ,

[tex]\\ \Large\sf\longmapsto 250\times 15\%[/tex]

[tex]\\ \Large\sf\longmapsto 250\times \dfrac{15}{100}[/tex]

[tex]\\ \Large\sf\longmapsto 37.5g[/tex]

37.5g of NaCl present in 250g of solution.

Answer:

Given concentration of NaCl=15%

Means ,

In every 100g of Solution 15g of NaCl is present .

Now

Given mass=250g

So ,

➡250 × 15%

➡250×15/100

➡37.5g

37.5g of NaCl present in 250g of solution.

Answer:

250ml

Explanation:

call it V

V*0.2=0.05 (moles)

so V=0.05/0.2 = 0.25l = 250ml

We know

[tex]\boxed{\Large{\sf Molarity=\dfrac{No\:of\:moles\:of\:solute}{Volume\:of\:solution\:in\;\ell}}}[/tex]

[tex]\\ \Large\sf\longmapsto Volume\:of\:KI=\dfrac{0.05}{0.2}[/tex]

[tex]\\ \Large\sf\longmapsto Volume\:of\:KI=0.25L[/tex]

[tex]\\ \Large\sf\longmapsto Volume\:of\:KI=250mL[/tex]

Answer:

a. 2NO₂ (g) + 2OH⁻ (aq) → NO₃⁻ (aq) + NO₂⁻  (aq) + H₂O (l)

b. i. NO₂⁻ is the oxidizing agent

ii. NO₃⁻ is the reducing agent.

Explanation:

a. Balance the following skeleton reaction

The reaction is

NO₂ (g) → NO₃⁻ (aq) + NO₂⁻ (aq)

The half reactions are

NO₂ (g) → NO₃⁻ (aq)  (1) and

NO₂ (g) → NO₂⁻  (aq) (2)

We balance the number of oxygen atoms in equation(1) by adding one H₂O molecule to the left side.

So, NO₂ (g) + H₂O (l) → NO₃⁻ (aq)

We now add two hydrogen ions 2H⁺ on the right hand side to balance the number of hydrogen atoms

NO₂ (g) + H₂O (l) → NO₃⁻ (aq) + 2H⁺ (aq)

The charge on the left hand side is zero while the total charge on the right hand side is -1 + 2 = +1. To balance the charge on both sides, we add one electron to the right hand side.

So, NO₂ (g) + H₂O (l) → NO₃⁻ (aq) + 2H⁺ (aq) + e⁻  (4)

Since the number of atoms in equation two are balanced, we balance the charge since the charge on the left hand side is zero and that on the right hand side is -1. So, we add one electron to the left hand side.

So, NO₂ (g) + e⁻ → NO₂⁻  (aq) (5)

We now add equation (4) and (5)

So, NO₂ (g) + H₂O (l) → NO₃⁻ (aq) + 2H⁺ (aq) + e⁻  (4)

+  NO₂ (g) + e⁻ → NO₂⁻  (aq) (5)

2NO₂ (g) + H₂O (l) + e⁻ → NO₃⁻ (aq) + NO₂⁻  (aq) + 2H⁺ (aq) + e⁻  (4)

2NO₂ (g) + H₂O (l)  → NO₃⁻ (aq) + NO₂⁻  (aq) + 2H⁺ (aq)  

We now add two hydroxide ions to both sides of the equation.

So, 2NO₂ (g) + H₂O (l) + 2OH⁻ (aq) → NO₃⁻ (aq) + NO₂⁻  (aq) + 2H⁺ (aq) + 2OH⁻ (aq)

The hydrogen ion and the hydroxide ion become a water molecule

2NO₂ (g) + H₂O (l) + 2OH⁻ (aq) → NO₃⁻ (aq) + NO₂⁻  (aq) + 2H₂O (l)

2NO₂ (g) + 2OH⁻ (aq) → NO₃⁻ (aq) + NO₂⁻  (aq) + H₂O (l)

So, the required reaction is

2NO₂ (g) + 2OH⁻ (aq) → NO₃⁻ (aq) + NO₂⁻  (aq) + H₂O (l)

b. Identify the oxidizing agent and reducing agent

Since the oxidation number of oxygen in NO₂ is -2. Since the oxidation number of NO₂ is zero, we let x be the oxidation number of N.

So, x + 2 × (oxidation number of oxygen) = 0

x + 2(-2) = 0

x - 4 = 0

x = 4

Since the oxidation number of oxygen in NO₂⁻ is -1. Since the oxidation number of NO₂⁻ is -1, we let x be the oxidation number of N.

So, x + 2 × (oxidation number of oxygen) = 0

x + 2(-2) = -1

x - 4 = -1

x = 4 - 1

x = 3

Also, the oxidation number of oxygen in NO₃⁻ is -1. Since the oxidation number of NO₃⁻ is -1, we let x be the oxidation number of N.

So, x + 2 × (oxidation number of oxygen) = -1

x + 3(-2) = -1

x - 6 = -1

x = 6 - 1

x = 5

i. The oxidizing agent

The oxidation number of N changes from +4 in NO₂ to +3 in NO₂⁻. So, Nitrogen is reduced and thus  NO₂⁻ is the oxidizing agent

ii. The reducing agent

The oxidation number of N changes from +4 in NO₂ to +5 in NO₃⁻. So, Nitrogen is oxidized and thus and  NO₃⁻ is the reducing agent.

Answer:

Boiling T° of solution  → 83.6°C

Explanation:

To solve this, we apply Elevation of boiling point, property

ΔT = Kb . m . i

As we talk about organic solute, i = 1. No ions are formed.

m = molality (moles of solute in 1kg of solvent)

We determine mass of solvent by density

D = m /V so D . V = m

950 mL . 0.877 g/mL = 833.15 g

We convert to kg → 833.15 g . 1 kg/ 1000g = 0.833 kg

Moles of solute (naphtalene): 150 g . 1 mol/ 128.16g = 1.17 mol

m = 1.17mol / 0.833 kg = 1.41 mol/kg

We replace data:

Boiling T° of solution - 80.1°C = 2.53°C/m . 1.41 m . 1

Boiling T° of solution = 2.53°C/m . 1.41 m . 1  +  80.1°C → 83.6°C

Answer:

The answer is c or 17.1 g

The sum of the squares of two sides of a right angle is equal to the square of the hypotenuse

Answer:

11.9 pH

Explanation:

First, we need to find pOH

To find that, we use the formula -log[OH]

-log[7.7x10^-3] = 2.11351

To find the pH, we'll use this formula: 14 = pH + pOH

14 = pH + 2.11351

Subtract boths sides by 2.11351

14 = pH + 2.11351

-2.11351  -2.11351

pH = 11.88649

Answer:

Kp = 1.10.

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, according to the given information about the chemical reaction at equilibrium, it turns out possible for us to find the partial pressures-based equilibrium expression for the decomposition of phosphorous pentachloride by applying the law of mass action whereas the pressure of products is divided by that of the reactants as shown below:

[tex]Kp=\frac{p_{PCl_3}p_{Cl_2}}{p_{PCl_5}}[/tex]

Now, we plug in the given pressures to obtain:

[tex]Kp=\frac{0.870}{0.688} \\\\Kp=1.10[/tex]

Regards!

Answer:

0.0922 g

Explanation:

Number of moles of acid present = 25/1000 × 0.0981

= 0.00245 moles

Number of moles of base = 5.83/1000 × 0.104

= 0.000606 moles

Since the reaction of HCl and NaOH is 1:1

Number of moles of HCl that reacted with antacid = 0.00245 moles - 0.000606 moles

= 0.001844 moles

From the reaction;

CaCO3 + 2HCl ----> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

1 mole of CaCO3 reacts with 2 moles of HCl

x moles of CaCO3 reacts with 0.001844 moles ofHCl

x = 1 × 0.001844/2

= 0.000922 moles

Mass of CaCO3 = 0.000922 moles × 100 g/mol

= 0.0922 g

An isotope is an element with the same atomic number but different mass number due to differences in number of neutrons.

electron configuration is 2,8,6.

Belongs to group 6 and period group 3.

It forms an ion by accepting 2 electrons

Explanation:

The given balanced chemical equation is:

[tex]2 HI(g) <--> H_2 (g) + I_2 (g)[/tex]

The value of Kc at 445oC is 0.020.

[HI]=1.5M

[H2]=2.50M

[I2]=0.05M

The value of Qc(reaction quotient ) is calculated as shown below:

Qc has the same expression as the equilibrium constant.

[tex]Qc=\frac{[H_2][I_2]}{[HI]^2} \\Qc=(2.50Mx0.05M)/(1.5M)^2\\Qc=0.055[/tex]

Qc>Kc,

Hence, the backward reaction is favored and the formation of Hi is favored.

Among the given options, the correct answer is option d. Qc is greater than Kc; more HI will be produced.

Answer:

As stored fuels, triacylglycerols have two significant advantages over polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch. The carbon atoms of fatty acids are more reduced than those of sugars, and oxidation of triacylglycerols yields more than twice as much energy, gram for gram, as that of carbohydrates.

Explanation:

Answer:

74%

Explanation:

Step 1: Write the balanced equation

2 C₆H₁₀(l) + 17 O₂(g) ⇒ 12 CO₂(g) + 10 H₂O(g)

Step 2: Determine the limiting reactant

The theoretical mass ratio (TMR) of C₆H₁₀ to O₂ is 164:544 = 0.301:1.

The experimental mass ratio (EMR) of C₆H₁₀ to O₂ is 115:199 = 0.578:1.

Since EMR > TMR, the limiting reactant is O₂.

Step 3: Calculate the theoretical yield of H₂O

The theoretical mass ratio of O₂ to H₂O 544:180.

199 g O₂ × 180 g H₂O/544 g O₂ = 65.8 g H₂O

Step 4: Calculate the percent yield of H₂O

%yield = (experimental yield/theoretical yield) × 100%

%yield = (49 g/65.8 g) × 100% = 74%

Answer:

Percentage yield of H₂O = 74.24%

Explanation:

The balanced equation for the reaction is given below:

2C₆H₁₀ + 17O₂ —> 12CO₂ + 10H₂O

Next, we shall determine the masses of C₆H₁₀ and O₂ that reacted and the mass of H₂O produced from the balanced equation. This is can be obtained as follow:

Molar mass of C₆H₁₀ = 82 g/mol

Mass of C₆H₁₀ from the balanced equation = 2 × 82 = 164 g

Molar mass of O₂ = 32 g/mol

Mass of O₂ from the balanced equation = 17 × 32 = 544 g

Molar mass of H₂O = 18 g/mol

Mass of H₂O from the balanced equation = 10 × 18 = 180 g

SUMMARY:

From the balanced equation above,

164 g of C₆H₁₀ reacted with 544 g of O₂ to produce 180 g of H₂O.

Next, we shall determine the limiting reactant. This can be obtained as follow:

From the balanced equation above,

164 g of C₆H₁₀ reacted with 544 g of O₂.

Therefore, 115 g of C₆H₁₀ will react to produce = (115 × 544)/164 = 381 g of O₂.

From the calculations made above, we can see that a higher mass (i.e 381 g) of O₂ than what was given (i.e 199 g) is needed to react with 115 g of C₆H₁₀.

Therefore, O₂ is the limiting reactant and C₆H₁₀ is the excess reactant.

Next, we shall determine the theoretical yield of H₂O. This can be obtained by using the limiting reactant as shown below:

From the balanced equation above,

544 g of O₂ reacted to produce 180 g of H₂O.

Therefore, 199 g of O₂ will react to produce = (199 × 180)/544 = 66 g of H₂O.

Thus, the theoretical yield of H₂O is 66 g.

Finally, we shall determine the percentage yield. This can be obtained as follow:

Actual yield of H₂O = 49 g

Theoretical yield of H₂O = 66 g

Percentage yield of H₂O =?

Percentage yield = Actual yield /Theoretical yield × 100

Percentage yield of H₂O = 49/66 × 100

Percentage yield of H₂O = 74.24%

Answer:

2 m/s

Explanation:

Applying the formulae of velocity,

V = d/t............. Equation 1

Where V = Velocity of the body, d = distance, t = time

From the question,

Given: d = 600 m, t = 5 minutes = (5×60) = 300 seconds.

Substitute these values into equation 1

V = 600/300

V = 2 m/s.

Hence the velocity of the body when it travels is 2 m/s

Answer:

A) Val-Gly-Arg-Ala-Val-Lys-Ala-Gly-Phe

B) Ala-Val-Lys-Val-Gly-Arg-Ala-Gly-Phe

Explanation:

The possible sequences that could be obtained from the available dat provided are :

A) Val-Gly-Arg-Ala-Val-Lys-Ala-Gly-Phe

B) Ala-Val-Lys-Val-Gly-Arg-Ala-Gly-Phe

Trypsin is generally a catalyst  for the breakdown of proteins into smaller peptides ( during the hydrolysis of peptide bonds )  

Una sustancia homogénea es una sustancia que se compone de una sola fase.

Recordemos que definimos una fase en química como "cantidad química y físicamente uniforme u homogénea de materia que se puede separar mecánicamente de una mezcla no homogénea y que puede consistir en una sola sustancia o una mezcla de sustancias" según Ecyclopedia Britiannica.

El hecho de que un sistema esté compuesto por una sola sustancia no lo hace es autóctono. A veces, un sistema puede estar compuesto por partículas sólidas de una sustancia en equilibrio con su líquido. El sistema contiene solo una sustancia pero en diferentes fases, por lo tanto, el sistema contiene una sustancia pero no es homogéneo.

Por tanto, el hecho de que un sistema contenga una sola sustancia no significa necesariamente que sea homogéneo.

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Answer:

B) ethers

Explanation:

The functional group of an organic compound defines its specificity. The functional group is responsible for the chemical behavior of an organic compound. For example, alkenes are known to have a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) functional group.

Likewise, organic compounds known as ETHERS are known to possess an ethoxy functional group i.e. oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl groups (R- OR; where R is an alkyl group). Members of ether functional group includes dimethyl ether (CH3-O-CH3), diethyl ether (C2H5-O-C2H5).

North America and south africa

Answer:

velocity = distance/time

velocity = wavelength × frequency

Both of these are commonly known equations to calculate velocity with different variables.

Answer:

0.886 J/g.°C

Explanation:

Step 1: Calculate the heat absorbed by the water

We will use the following expression

Q = c × m × ΔT

where,

Q(water) = c(water) × m(water) × ΔT(water)

Q(water) = 4.184 J/g.°C × 50.0 g × (34.4 °C - 25.36 °C) = 1.89 × 10³ J

According to the law of conservation of energy, the sum of the energy lost by the solid and the energy absorbed by the water is zero.

Q(water) + Q(solid) = 0

Q(solid) = -Q(water) =  -1.89 × 10³ J

Step 2: Calculate the specific heat capacity of the solid

We will use the following expression.

Q(solid) = c(solid) × m(solid) × ΔT(solid)

c(solid) = Q(solid) / m(solid) × ΔT(solid)

c(solid) = (-1.89 × 10³ J) / 32.53 g × (34.4 °C - 100. °C) = 0.886 J/g.°C

Answer:

X

anode

electrons in the wire flow away

anions from salt bridge flow toward

loses mass

Y

cathode

electrons in the wire flow toward

cations from salt bridge flow toward

gains mass

Explanation:

In a galvanic cell, oxidation occurs at the anode while reduction occurs at the cathode. The metal that is more reactive functions as the anode while the less reactive metal functions as the cathode.

Electrons leave the anode and travel via a wire to the cathode. At the anode cations give up electrons and enter into the solution.

At the cathode, cations pick up electrons and are deposited on the cathode leading to a gain in mass at the cathode.

Positive ions from the salt bridge flow towards the cathode while negative ions from the salt bridge flow towards the anode.

Answer:

a. 6.15 mL b. 30.73 mL

Explanation:

a. What volume of this ketamine solution would the 65.0 kg user have to inject to experience a high at 0.400 mg/kg?

Since we have 0.250 g of ketamine in 1/4 cup of water and 1 cup of water equals 236.5 mL, we need to find the concentration of ketamine we have.

So concentration of ketamine C = mass of ketamine, m/volume of water, V

m = 0.250 g and V = 1/4 cup = 1/4 × 236.5 mL = 59.125 mL

So, C = m/V = 0.250 g/59.125 mL = 0.00423 g/mL = 4.23 mg/mL

Since the user has a mass of 65 kg and requires a high at 0.400 mg/kg, the mass of ketamine for this high is M = 65 kg × 0.400 mg/kg = 26 mg

Since mass, M = concentration ,C × volume, V

M = CV

V = M/C

The volume of ketamine required for the 0.400 mg/kg high is

V = 26 mg/4.23 mg/mL

V = 6.15 mL

b. What volume of this ketamine solution would the user have to inject to become unconscious at 2.00 mg/kg?

Since the concentration of ketamine is C = 4.23 mg/mL, and Since the user has a mass of 65 kg and requires an injection of 2.00 mg/kg to be unconscious, the mass of ketamine required to be unconscious is M' = 65 kg × 2.00 mg/kg = 130 mg

Since mass, M' = concentration ,C × volume, V

M' = CV

V = M/C

The volume of ketamine required for the 2.00 mg/kg unconscious injection is

V = 130 mg/4.23 mg/mL

V = 30.73 mL

Answer:

Once you have collected 40 mL of distillate, you should ________.

turn off the hot plate and carefully lower the lab jack, making sure that no cords or hoses get caught in it.

Explanation:

Distillate is the product obtained from the process of distillation.  Distillation is the separation of components of a liquid mixture based on different boiling points. Distillation can be used to purify alcohol, for desalination, refining of crude oil, and for obtaining liquefied gases.  A lab jack is an essential tool that supports and lifts hotplates, glassware, baths, and other small lab equipment requiring stable surfaces at a specific height.

Answer:

b) 0.75 mol, 0.9375 mol

Explanation:

According to this question, ammonia reacts with oxygen to produce nitrogen monoxide and water. The chemical equation is as follows:

4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

Based on this balanced equation, 4 moles of ammonia (NH3) reacts with 5 moles of oxygen (O2).

A stoichiometric amount of the two reactants (NH3 and O2) must represent the ratio 4:5.

Given the provided options;

0.75 mol of ammonia (NH3) will react with (0.75 × 5/4) = 0.935 mol of O2 for them to be in stoichiometry.

N.B: 1 mol of NH3 will react with 1.25mol of O2 and not 1g, 1.25g.

Answer:

c. 29 J

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Step 2: Calculate the temperature change

ΔT = 37 °C - 22 °C = 15 °C

Step 3: Calculate the heat (Q) required to raise the temperature of the lead piece

We will use the following expression.

Q = c × m × ΔT

Q = 0.13 J/g.°C × 15 g × 15 °C = 29 J

The compound in this reaction which is having the elemental ratio of 1:4:1 is NH₄Cl where nitrogen and chlorine are of one mole each with 4 hydrogens.

Elemental ratio of a compound is the ratio of number of atoms  of each  elements in that compound. The elemental ratio can be determined from the molecular formula of compounds.

The given reaction is a double displacement reaction. Here, the Cl group is replaced to the ammonia and OH group is replaced to the water. Thus, two species is replaced in the reaction.

In NH₄Cl, there are one nitrogen, 4 hydrogens and one chlorine atom. Therefore, the elemental ratio of the compound is 1:4:1. The elemental ratio of water is 2:1 and HCl is 1:1 and that in NH₄OH is 1:5:1. Hence, option b is correct.

To find more on elemental ratio, refer here:

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Answer:

cool or increase pressure

Explanation:

Solution :

Molecular      Molar Mass       Volume      Density       Mass      Moles      nmoles

formula            (g/mol)               (mL)          (g/mL)           (g)

[tex]$C_6H_8N_2$[/tex]            108.14                                                    0.108      0.001          1

HCOOH           46.02                0.064          1.22     0.07808     0.0017       1.7

mmoles of o-phenylenediamine = 1 mmoles

mmoles of formic acid = 1.7 [tex]\approx[/tex] 2 mmoles

From the reaction of o-phenylenediamine and formic acid, we see,

1 mmole of o-phenylenediamine reacts with 1 mmole of formic acid.

But here, 2 mmoles of the formic acid , this means that the formic acid is an excess reagent and the o-phenylenediamine is the limiting reagent here.

The amount of product depends on the limiting reagent that is o-phenylenediamine. So, 1mmole of o-phenylenediamine will give 1mmole of product.

molar mass of Benzimidazole = [tex]118.14[/tex] g/mol

mmoles of Benzimidazole formed = [tex]1[/tex] mmol

Mass of benzimidazole formed = molar mass x [tex]\frac{nmoles}{1000}[/tex]

                                                    [tex]$=\frac{118.14 \times 1}{1000}$[/tex]

                                                     = 0.11814 g

So the theoretical yield of Benzimidazole is = 0.118 g = 118mg