Depending on the toxin, yes. Many things, including proteins, will surely be denatured or degraded and finally turn harmless if we adopt the colloquial definition of the word and include toxins and poisons.
For instance, ricin, botulinum, tetrodotoxin, etc. They are rather delicate, so I'm hoping this toxin has the lowest shelf life.
For a poison, "not up to quality" might indicate anything. It might be more harmful or less toxic. It might be more toxic than before, which would make it less effective against the intended target but extremely harmful to other species. It only indicates that a single chemical may have begun to breakdown, and the final result of that deterioration may be something entirely else.
Small organic molecules make up a lot of other toxins. These include nerve agents like nicotine, sarin, and VX, all of which are capable of being broken down through air oxidation, UV exposure, hydrolysis, and other processes. Numerous nerve agents have a shelf life of several years, and studies have been done to extend their use in weapons.
Lead, mercury, and cadmium are just a few examples of metals that are hazardous because they are toxic not only in their elemental forms but also as inorganic and organic compounds. Although the toxicity of the various forms can varies substantially (see, for example, methylmercury and elemental mercury), the majority of them are nevertheless at least harmful.
These can persist for a very long period since the reactions that can happen under usual circumstances might not be safe, such as a sizable piece of cinnabar left on a desk even throughout the course of a geological time scale. any substantial modification to ensure safety.
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How high is a 0. 5 kg squirrel sitting if it has 36 J of energy?.
The squirrel is sitting at a height of 7.35 m.
The height squirrel sitting can be calculated as follows:Potential energy is the energy that a body possesses as a result of its position.
The squirrel's potential energy E is given by, if the squirrel has mass m and is at height h.
E=mgh
here, g is the acceleration due to gravity.
m = 0.5 kg; E=36 J
Take the acceleration caused by gravity as an example.
g= 9.8 m/s²
Rewrite the energy equation in terms of h.
h= E/ mg
Substitute the given values and calculate the value of h.
h= E/mg
h= 36J/(0.5 kg x9.8 m/s)
h = 7.35 m
The squirrel is at a height of 7.35 m
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the quantity of energy released or absorbed as heat during a chemical reaction is called the
The heat content of a system under constant pressure is expressed as enthalpy (H). Chemists monitor variations in enthalpy of chemical systems when reactants are transformed into products regular basis.
At constant pressure, the heat absorbed or released by a process is the same as the enthalpy change and is denoted by the symbol H. The energy collected and emitted in many chemical processes is in the form of heat. An exothermic reaction is a chemical process that produces heat. An endothermic reaction is a chemical process in which heat is absorbed. Exothermic and endothermic processes collaborate to provide energy. The heat content of a system under constant pressure is expressed as enthalpy (H). Chemists monitor variations in enthalpy of chemical systems when reactants are transformed into products on a regular basis. At constant pressure, the heat absorbed or released by a process is the same as the enthalpy change and is denoted by the symbol H. When a reaction occurs, the components absorb or release energy as heat.
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How many moles are in 17.0 grams of h2o2? a. 0.284 mol h2o2 b. 0.385 mol h2o2 c. 0.500 mol h2o2 d. 0.730 mol h2o2
on the ph scale, which number has the highest concentration of hydrogen ions?
Name one change Jane could make to her experiment to produce the maximum amount of chalk(CaCO3). [1 mark]
Add an e______ of calcium______.
Add an excess of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂).
What is the chalk about?Adding an excess of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) to the experiment would help to produce the maximum amount of chalk (CaCO₃). Calcium hydroxide is a strong base that can react with carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the air to produce calcium carbonate (CaCO₃).
This reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat, which speeds up the reaction. By adding an excess of calcium hydroxide, Jane would ensure that there is enough of the reactant to react with all of the carbon dioxide present in the air and form the maximum amount of chalk.
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Are cricket ball of 0. 5 kg is moving with a velocity of hundred Metre per second the wavelength associated with its motion is?.
Its motion's corresponding wavelength is λ = [tex]1.32 \times 10 ^{-35}[/tex]
The wavelength, which will also apply to troughs, is the separation between two wave crests. The frequency is measured in cycles per second (Hz), which is the quantity of vibrations that cross a specific area in a second (Hertz). In this article, the relationship between wavelength and frequency is covered.
The ball (m) has a mass of 0.5 kg.
The ball is moving at a speed of 100 metres per second.
The de Broglie matter-wave equation reveals the following
[tex]\lambda = \frac{h}{mv}[/tex]
where m is mass of the body and v is the velocity and h is height of the body.
[tex]\lambda = \frac{ 6.62\times10^{-34}}{0.5 \times 100 }[/tex]
λ = [tex]1.32 \times 10 ^{-35}[/tex].
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What percentage of energy do data centers use?.
According to the U.S. Department of Energy, data centers use roughly 2% of the world’s energy.
Data centers are responsible for a significant portion of the world’s energy consumption.
According to the U.S. Department of Energy, data centers use roughly 2% of the world’s energy, with that number estimated to grow as more businesses and organizations move their operations to digital and cloud-based systems.
That may not seem like a lot, but when you consider the amount of energy used to power, cool, and maintain data centers, the overall cost to the environment can be quite significant.
Data centers use energy for various purposes, from powering hardware such as servers and storage systems, to cooling the centers with air conditioning.
Data centers also require energy for their backup systems, such as generators and UPSs.
In addition, data centers need energy for their networking systems and for running other applications and services, such as data analytics and machine learning.
All of these factors contribute to the overall energy consumption of data centers.
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what is the total combined mass of carbon dioxide and water that is produced?
An automobile gasoline tank contains 20kg of gasoline. And when the gasoline burns, as result, 86kg of oxygen is consumed and water and carbon dioxide are produced. This yields the total combined mass to be produced of carbon dioxide and water is 106kg.
According to the law of mass conservation, the mass of products is equal to the mass of reagents, hence the total aggregated mass of carbon dioxide and water is equal to the total aggregated mass of gasoline and
oxygen.
Numerically it can be represered as 20 kg + 86 kg = 106 kg
Hence, the total combined mass of carbon dioxide and water to be produced is 106kg.
"
Complete question is
An automobile gasoline tank holds 20kg of gasoline. When the gasoline burns, 86kg of oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide and water are produced.
What is the total combined mass of carbon dioxide and water that is produced?
"
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How many significant figures does the number 1.006 x 10⁷ have?
A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
E) 8
Number one question the answer is 4
How many grams are in 23 moles of Fe
There are 23 atoms of Fe in a 55.845 gram. As a result, after dividing our mass of 239 grams by the iron formula mass of 55.84 grams per bole, formol equals after calculation.
How do I translate grams to moles?Use the millimeters to mole formula to calculate the molecular weight n, of a substance with a given mass, m, (in grams) accurately. n = m / M, where M is the substance's molar mass also known as gram-molecular weight. a substance's molecular weight expressed as a mass in grams. Example: NaCl salt weighs 58.44 grams per gram-mole. American Meteorological Society, copyright 2022.
What is moles and how is it made?Number of Avogadro = 6.023 × 10²³. The products of every chemical reaction are measured using the Avogadro number. 1 mole of atoms, molecules, or particles is equal to 6.023 x 1023. Calculating the number of molecules is as follows: mole number = quantity of material / mass of one mole.
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There are 23 atoms of Fe in a 55.845 gram. As a result, after dividing our mass of 239 grams by the iron formula mass of 55.84 grams per bole, formol equals after calculation.
How do I translate grams to moles?Use the millimeters to mole formula to calculate the molecular weight n, of a substance with a given mass, m, (in grams) accurately. n = m / M, where M is the substance's molar mass also known as gram-molecular weight. a substance's molecular weight expressed as a mass in grams. Example: NaCl salt weighs 58.44 grams per gram-mole. American Meteorological Society, copyright 2022.
What is moles and how is it made?Number of Avogadro = 6.023 × 10²³. The products of every chemical reaction are measured using the Avogadro number. 1 mole of atoms, molecules, or particles is equal to 6.023 x 1023. Calculating the number of molecules is as follows: mole number = quantity of material / mass of one mole.
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Calculate the volume in mL of a 1.420 M NaOH solution required to titrate the following solutions:
(a) 25.00 mL of a 2.430 M HCI solution
(b) 25.00 mL of a 4.500 M H2SO4 solution
(c) 25.00 mL of a 1.500 M H3PO4 solution
The NaOH solution has a 159.75 mL capacity.1.500 M H3PO4 solution in 25.00 mL.
How much NaOH was used for the titration?
In a titration of the two chemicals, 26.60 mL of sulfuric acid is neutralized by 32.20 mL of sodium hydroxide that has a concentration of 0.250 mM.
In a titration of the two chemicals, 26.60 mL of sulfuric acid is neutralized by 32.20 mL of sodium hydroxide that has a concentration of 0.250 mM.
The percent volume/volume of a solution can be calculated using the following formula, which bases its results on the milliliter as the unit of volume (v):
As mL of solute per 100 mL of solution, % v/v is expressed.
X% = 5.0 mL HCl/100 mL of solution is a good illustration.
X/100 = 5.0/100. 100X = 500. \sX = 5.0%%
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Substances X,Y and Z can all act as oxidizing agents. In Colution X is Violet Y is Yello and Z is green. In the reactions they undergo thay are reduced to X- Y- and Z-, all of which are colorless. When a solution of Y is mixed with one containg X- ions the color changes from yellow to violet.
What Species Is oxidized? (X-)
Which Species is reduced(Y).
When a soulton of Y is mixed with one containing Z- ions, the solution remains yellow.
Is Y a better oxidizing agent than Z?
Is Y a better oxidizing agent than X?
Arrange X, Y, and Z in order of oxidizing strength from weakes to strongest.
1) X is reduced and Y is oxidized
2) Y is a better oxidizing agent than Z
3) X is a better oxidizing agents than Y
4) The order of the oxidizing abilities are;
X > Y > Z
What is an oxidizing agent?An oxidizing agent is a chemical substance that accepts electrons from other substances, thereby oxidizing them. In this process, the oxidizing agent becomes reduced itself. Oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously and are known as redox reactions.
An oxidizing agent has the ability to transfer electrons to another substance, resulting in an increase in oxidation state (the number of electrons an atom has lost or gained) of the oxidized substance and a decrease in oxidation state of the oxidizing agent.
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how are q and w related during this isothermal expansion?
According to the First Law of Thermodynamics ΔU = Q + W in IUPAC convention, it follows that Q = −W for the isothermal expansion or compression of an ideal gas.
In thermodynamics, an isothermal process is one of the types of thermodynamic processes, in which the temperature (T) of a system remains constant, i.e. ΔT = 0. This, in a typical manner, occurs when a system is in direct contact with an outside thermal reservoir, and a change in this system occurs slowly enough to allow the system to be continuously and gradually adjusted to the temperature of the reservoir through heat exchange.
When the vacuum gets expanded in an isothermal expansion, it leads to the free expansion of a gas. In the case of an ideal gas, the rate of free expansion is NIL (0), that implies that the work done is 0. The value of 0 is the result regardless of whether the isothermal expansion process is irreversible or reversible.
Some of the examples of reversible cases of isothermal process include converting ice from its solid-state to the liquid-state of water, hydrogenation and dehydrogenation in milling a chemical, etc.
Examples for an irreversible condition of an isothermal process include work that is done against the friction, , magnetic hysteresis, Joule’s heating effect, etc.
The relation between Q and W during an isothermal expansion process is: Q = -W
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The pathway to release of neurohormones follows a series of steps. Arrange the phrases from left to right to create the correct pathway for the neurohormone ADH from synthesis to release.1) ADH synthesis in supraoptic neurons2) Transport in tract in infundibulum3) Storage in axon termini in posterior pituitary4) Action potentials arrive at the axon terminals
The regular practise of driving a car to school would be the daily action that would pollute the environment.
This phrase is used to describe all human activities that harm the environment we live in by making it unsafe for the living things that inhabit it. The smoke from exhaust, which is brought on by the burning of gasoline, would be the main source of pollution. It has an adverse impact on the ecosystem because it taints the air, making it hazardous for humans to breathe. It can cause respiratory illnesses in people and other types of poisoning, which has an effect on our health By choosing another mode of transportation or by walking to school, this issue could be lessened.
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3. Write the balanced nuclear equation showing the decay of protactinium-238 to uranium-238
The chemical element protoactinium, often known as protoactinium, has the atomic number 91 and the symbol Pa. The balanced nuclear equation for the decay of protactinium-238 to uranium-238 is;
²³⁴Pa₉₁ --> ⁰e₋₁ + ²³⁴U₉₁
It is an actinide metal that is thick, silvery-gray, and easily interacts with oxygen, water vapor, and inorganic acids. Protactinium normally exists in the oxidation state +5, however, it can also adopt +4, +3, or even +2 states when it forms different chemical combinations.
Protactinium concentrations in the Earth's crust typically range from a few parts per trillion to a few parts per million in certain uraninite ore occurrences. There are currently no uses for protactinium other than scientific research due to its rarity, high radioactivity, and severe toxicity. For this reason, protactinium is primarily collected from spent nuclear fuel.
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how are beach sands and grains of salt related to the atom?
Answer:
They both contain atom, sand would be a silicon dioxide molecule. Salt contain sodium chloride.
Explanation:
Both beach sands and grains of salt are composed of atoms and molecules, representing the fundamental building blocks of matter.
Beach sands and grains of salt are both composed of countless tiny particles called atoms and molecules. Atoms are the basic units of matter, consisting of a nucleus of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. Molecules are formed when atoms bond together.
In the case of beach sands, they primarily consist of mineral grains like quartz, each composed of silicon and oxygen atoms bonded together in a crystalline structure. Grains of salt, on the other hand, are made up of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) atoms bonded as sodium chloride (NaCl) molecules.
The relationship between beach sands, salt grains, and atoms lies in their shared composition and arrangement of these fundamental particles, highlighting the underlying unity of matter at the atomic and molecular level.
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in metals, the valence electrons are considered to be___
In metals, the valence electrons are considered to be shared by all surrounding atoms.
What is meant by electrons ?
A negatively charged subatomic particle known as an electron can either be free or attached to an atom (not bound).One of the three main types of particles inside an atom, along with protons and neutrons, is an electron that is linked to the atom.The nucleus of an atom is made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons together.The smallest elemental component of an atom, the electron has a negative charge.In a neutral atom, there are an equal number of protons and electrons.One electron and one proton are all that the hydrogen atom has.On the other hand, the uranium atom possesses 92 protons, which means 92 electrons.To learn more about electrons refer to
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What produces a total of 2 ATP molecules from each glucose molecule?.
Anaerobic respiration results in the production of 2 ATP molecules from each glucose molecule
Both aerobic and anaerobic conditions are conducive to glycolysis. Pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle and goes through oxidative phosphorylation, which results in the net synthesis of 32 ATP molecules under aerobic conditions.
Pyruvate undergoes anaerobic glycolysis under anaerobic circumstances, converting to lactate. Two ATP molecules are produced during anaerobic respiration. A monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms and six oxygen atoms, glucose is a hexose sugar.
Aldehyde group is connected to the first carbon, and hydroxyl group is attached to each of the next five carbons. In the course of glycolysis, glucose eventually decomposes into pyruvate and energy, yielding a total of 2 ATP (Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H⁺ + 2 ATP + 2 H₂O).
Phophorylation is made possible by the hydroxyl groups. Glucose 6-phosphate is the specific kind of glucose that is employed in glycolysis.
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The building block of all elements and the smallest component into which an element can be divided called?
The building block of all the elements and the smallest component into which an element can be divided is called as an atom.
An atom is the smallest part or the component into which the elements can be divided. Atom is the building block of the matter. The basic particles that an atom made up of are electrons, protons, and the neutrons.
The example is : An electron of a hydrogen atom will behave similar as the electron of an oxygen atom. Electron is the sub atomic particle of an atom and it cannot retain its chemical properties.
Thus , atom is the building block of all the elements.
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What does an atomic number represent in an atom? question 3 options: a. number of protons b. number of electrons c. number of neutrons d. number of protons and neutrons
Strontium-90 has a half-life of 29 years. If a site held 2000 kg of this isotope, approximately what mass of strontium-90 would be left after 116 years?.
After 116 years, 125 g of strontium-90 would still be present.
Describe half-life.
A substance's half-life is the amount of time needed for half of a radioactive substance's original quantity to degrade. It is a phrase that is used in nuclear chemistry to describe how quickly unstable atoms radioactively decay into other nuclear species by emitting particles or the amount of time needed for the rate of radioactive material disintegrations per second to drop to half of what it was initially.
The number of half-lives needed to compute the mass of strontium-90 after 116 years is calculated as follows: 116/20=4 half-lives.
The mass of Sr-90 during the first half life is 2000/2=1000 g.
Sr-90's mass is 1000/2, or 500 g, during its second half life.
Sr-90 mass at its third half-life is 500/2, or 250 g.
Sr-90 mass equals 250/2=125 g at the fourth half-life.
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What is the kinetic energy of a 750 kg car moving at 50. 0 km h?.
The kinetic energy of a 750 kg car moving at 50.0 km h is 72300 joules.
The capacity of an object to perform work is called energy, and like work, energy has a unit called the joule (J). Although energy can take many various forms, kinetic energy is the one that comes to mind when we talk about it. Since it is used to describe moving objects, kinetic energy is frequently conceived of as the energy of motion.
mass of car (m)= 750 kg
speed of car (v)= 50 km/h
= 50 x 5/18
= 13.9 m/s
we know that kinetic energy= 1/2 x m x v²
= 1/2 x 750 x 13.9²
= 72300 joules
so the kinetic energy is 72300 joules.
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How many molecules are present in 10 grams?.
The number of molecules present in 10 grams of a substance depends on the molar mass of the substance.
The molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance (6.022 x 10²³) of its molecules. To determine the number of molecules present in 10 grams, we can use the formula:
Number of moles = mass/molar mass Number of molecules
= Number of moles x Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10²³)
For example, if the substance is water, its molar mass is 18.015 grams per mole, and 10 grams of water would contain:
Number of moles = 10/18.015 = 0.5556 moles
Number of molecules = 0.5556 x 6.022 x 10²³ = 3.33 x 10²²
It's important to note that Avogadro's number, which is the number of atoms, ions, or molecules in one mole of a substance, is a physical constant and is the same for all substances. So, the number of molecules present in 10 grams of a substance can be calculated by dividing the mass of the substance by its molar mass and then multiplying it by Avogadro's number.
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What is the coefficient of the hypochlorite ion when the following equation is balanced?
ClO- + S2O3 2- —> Cl - + SO4 2-
(basic solution)
the point at which the perpendicular bisectors intersect in a triangle
The point at which the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a triangle intersect is called the circumcenter of the triangle.
What is a circumcenter?
The circumcenter of a triangle is the point where the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of the triangle intersect. It is the center of the circumcircle, which is the circle that passes through all three vertices of the triangle.
The circumcenter is equidistant from all three vertices of the triangle and is always inside the triangle. Additionally, it is the intersection of the medians, altitudes, angle bisectors and perpendicular bisectors of the triangle.
The circumcenter can also be found by other methods. It is the intersection of the medians, which are the line segments that connect each vertex of the triangle to the midpoint of the opposite side.
It is also the intersection of the altitudes, which are the line segments that are perpendicular to the sides of the triangle and pass through the opposite vertex. The circumcenter is also the intersection of the angle bisectors, which are the line segments that bisect the angles of the triangle and pass through the vertex of the triangle.
Hence, the point at which the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a triangle intersect is called the circumcenter of the triangle.
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Is C2H6 a non-polar molecule?.
A molecule which have atoms of significantly different electronegetivities exhibits polarity. In case of carbon and hydrogen there are no such significant differences. So ethane is non-polar.
Ethane is formed by covalent bond between carbon and hydrogen atoms. One carbon bonds with one another carbon atom and 3 hydrogen atoms. For exhibiting polarity, there must be significant differences in electronegativity.
While considering the C-H bond, electronegativity of carbon is 2.5 and hydrogen is 2.1. The difference is only 0.4, and such a difference does not contribute to polarity.
So, Ethane is a non-polar molecule.
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___used to express the mass of atomic and subatomic particles
An Atomic Mass Unit (AMU or amu) is a measure of mass and is used to express the mass of atomic and subatomic particles.
The Atomic Mass Unit (AMU or amu) of an element/particle constituent is a measure of its atomic mas. The AMUis also known as the dalton (Da) or a unified atomic mass unit (u). The measure of AMU expresses both atomic masses and molecular masses.
AMU is defined as one-twelfth (1/12th) of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 (12C). Carbon-12 (12C) is the most abundant naturally existing carbon isotope, accounting for over 98% of the carbon found in nature. It has an AMU of 12.
The atomic mass of an element/particle constituent measured in amu, is the same as the mass in grams of a single(one) mole of that element.
The atomic mass units of first 20 elements of periodic table are mentioned below:
Hydrogen - 1.007Helium - 4.002Lithium - 6.941Beryllium - 9.012Boron - 10.81Carbon - 12.011Nitrogen - 14.006Oxygen - 15.999Fluorine - 18.998Neon - 20.179Learn more about Atomic Mass Unit here:
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if you use too much hot solvent when dissolving your crude compound, how will that impact the recovery of your compound and why?
If you use too much solvent, the solution may become too dilute to produce crystals. It is critical to gradually chill the flask in room temperature and finally in ice water.
Impurities will be trapped within the crystal in a hurried crystal formation. In addition, the resultant crystals will be smaller.A solvent is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution. A solvent is often a liquid, although it can also be solid, gas, or supercritical fluid. Water is a polar molecular solvent and the most commonly employed solvent by living ; all ions and proteins in a cell are dissolved in water within the cell.Solvents are used in paints, paint removers, inks, and dry cleaning. Organic solvents are used in dry cleaning (for example, tetrachloroethylene); paint thinners (toluene, turpentine); nail polish removers and glue solvents (acetone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate); spot removers (, petrol ether); detergents (citrus ); and scents.
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A 5.25 g sample of metal at 49.5 °C gives off 10.4 J of energy until it is at 40.5 °C. What is the specific heat of the metal?
The heat energy needed to change the 5.25 gram sample from a temperature of 49.5 to 40.5 °C is given 10.4 J. Then, the specific heat of the metal is 0.22 J/°C g.
What is calorimetry ?Calorimetry is an analytical technique used to determine the heat energy absorbed or released by a system. The calorimetric equation relating the heat energy q with the mass of the substance, m, specific heat, c and temperature difference, ΔT is given as:
q = m c ΔT.
Given that the mass of the sample of iron = 5.25 g
temperature difference ΔT = 49.5 - 40.5 = 9 °C
specific heat c = 0.450 J/ g °C.
The heat energy absorbed by the sample is calculated as follows:
10.4 J = 5.25 g × c J/ g °C × 9 °C.
Then,
c = 10.4 J / (5.25 g ×9 °C )
= 0.22 J/ g °C
Therefore, the specific heat of the metal is 0.22 J/ g °C.
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Which qualities of the ocean help it to absorb heat?
The qualities of the ocean help it to absorb heat is its surface area.
The ocean temperature in each area is different, this is because each region has a different amount of light intensity. Apart from light, geographical location, wind gusts, and cloud conditions can affect the ocean surface temperature which can change. while the deep ocean tends to have a stable temperature.
Water has the property of absorbing heat more easily than air because of the hydrogen bonds between water molecules. When heat is absorbed it will cause the hydrogen bonds to break and water molecules can move freely so that the surface temperature of the water rises. The more surface area of ocean, the more heat absorbed by ocean. This causes the surface area of ocean to become one of the ocean qualities that helps absorb heat.
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