Jim has become particularly interested in the genetic basis of cancer and has spent considerable time reading published papers about oncogenes. He learned that as early as 1972 researchers suggested that mutations in proto-oncogenes caused by carcinogens can convert them to oncogenes. He asked you to answer a couple of questions about this because he did not have the biology background to totally understand. Jim learned that some cancer cells produce more growth-stimulating proteins than others. What would you give him as a plausible explanation

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Proto-oncogenes may have mutated to become oncogenes in these cells

Explanation:

Cancer cells are characterized by key properties such as an abnormally rapid rate and poor differentiation. Proto-oncogenes are genes that lead normal cells to become cancer cells when they are mutated. Many proto-oncogenes are involved in the control and progression of the cell cycle, and apoptosis (programmed cell death) pathway. Some examples of protooncogenes include 1-the Ras gene, which is required for differentiation, growth, and cell survival (mutations of this gene have been reported in pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer and thyroid cancer), 2-the Myc gene (mutated in Burkitt's lymphoma), 3- the Her2 receptor (a receptor kinase associated with breast cancer), etc.


Related Questions

What is fermentation

Answers

Answer:

Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substrates through the action of enzymes.......I am sure this is helpful for you....And have you a great future.....study well plz....first you read your book.....

Which of the following is not true of integrin? Question 4 options: Integrin molecules serve as stable, permanent anchors that anchor a cell to the extracellular matrix. Integrins undergo extensive conformational changes on binding to molecules on either side of the plasma membrane. Certain intracellular chemical signals can activate integrins from inside the cell, causing them to reach out and grab hold of extracellular structures. When integrin binds to the extracellular matrix, it stretches into an extended, activated state to attach to molecules on the inside of the cell.

Answers

Answer:

Integrin molecules serve as stable, permanent anchors that anchor a cell to the extracellular matrix.

Explanation:

Integrins are transmembrane protein receptors that attach the cell cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells. These glycoproteins (integrins) are highly dynamic heterodimeric molecules that anchor cells in their position and transduce signals into and out of cells. Integrin-ligand binding activates signaling pathways that are involved in fundamental cellular functions including, among others, organization of the cell cytoskeleton, cell migration, regulation of the cell cycle, etc.

The statement i.e. not true is Integrin molecules serve as stable, permanent anchors that anchor a cell to the extracellular matrix.

The following information should be considered:

Integrins are considered to be the transmembrane protein receptors that attach the cell cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells. These glycoproteins (integrins) are highly dynamic heterodimeric molecules that anchor cells in their position and transduce signals into and out of cells.Integrin-ligand binding activates signaling pathways that are involved in fundamental cellular functions including, among others, organization of the cell cytoskeleton, cell migration, regulation of the cell cycle, etc.

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What is the difference between a food chain and food web

Answers

A food chain follows one path of energy and materials between species. A food web is more complex and is a whole system of connected food chains. In a food web, organisms are placed into different trophic levels. ... Producers are the basic trophic level while top predators are the peak level.

Answer:

A food chain is a sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another. A food chain must start with energy from the sun, have a producer (an organism that makes food by itself with energy from sun), and have at least one consumer eat and gain nutrients from another consumer or a producer. At the end of the food chain, there must be a decomposer to break down the dead animals into nutrients, which is beneficial for soil. Additionally, there must be arrows to indicate the flow of energy travelling from one organism to another. An example of a food chain would be:

sun -> roses -> caterpillar -> crows -> garter snakes -> mushrooms

Energy source: Sun

Producer: Roses

Consumer: Caterpillar

Secondary consumer: Crows

Tertiary consumer: Garter snakes

Decomposer: Mushrooms

A food web is basically an interconnection of multiple food-chains in a graphical representation to see which animal eats what and their niche (role they play in an ecological community). Here's an example of a food web (not mine, credits to creator):

PLS HELP
what reproductive process do bacteria use by forming two identical cells from one parent cell?

a. binary fission
b. fragmentation
c. vegetative propagation
d. fertilization

pls answer quick , i have a time limit and i need help

Answers

Answer:

A. Binary Fission

Explanation:

During binary fission, the chromosome copies itself, then it forms two genetically identical copies.

Please help me to fill in the blanks. Thanks!

Sediments minerals rock remains sedimentary millions

When animals and plants die, their bodies fall into __________. Some of these decays while some become part of ______________ rocks. Rock layers build up and the rock becomes a solid. The ______________ in the rock replace the ________________ in parts of dead bodies. This takes place over _______________ of years. The_______________ of living organisms that have changed to ________________ are fossils.

Answers

When animals and plants die, their bodies fall into sediments. Some of these decays while some become part of fossilized rocks. Rock layers build up and the rock becomes a solid. The minerals in the rock replace the soft parts in parts of dead bodies. This takes place over millions of years. The remains of living organisms that have changed to stone are fossils.

How can ecological factors influence in pond ecosystem? Discuss it with suitable examples with respect to its structural and functional aspects?​

Answers

The ecological factors influence in pond ecosystem by providing the basic structure and materials that the ecosystem needed.

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, light and nutrients are the abiotic factors whereas the biotic components are algae, bacteria, protozoa and other organisms are the ecological factors that greatly influence the pond ecosystem. If one of the factor is missing or eliminated from the pond ecosystem the whole ecosystem will disturb and can't work properly. For example, if light is eliminated from the ecosystem, no producers can grow and ultimately death and destruction of the whole ecosystem occurs.

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Ecological factors, such as temperature or trophic relationships between organisms, influences the characteristics of a population in a certain habitat because they make it possible for organisms to have everything they need in the environment to feed, reproduce and survive.

An ecosystem is a system that groups together different populations of animal and plant species which share all the resources available in the same environment. Interactions develop between the elements of an ecosystem, such as energy exchange, food or trophic relationships and all this makes it possible to maintain life in the ecosystem. There are many natural habitats where an ecosystem develops, such as rivers, forests, swamps, deserts, among others. However, there are also artificial habitats created by humans, such as ponds. Ponds have fresh water like lakes, but are smaller (although it is important to consider that ponds can also be formed naturally by water retained or stagnant in a depression in the ground that is usually formed by rain water). Some of the organisms in this ecosystem live in ponds all their lives, while others are transient and visit them only to reproduce and/or feed. Ponds, being habitats where animal and plant species coexist, are susceptible to the influence of environmental factors.

 

Ecological factors influence the life of any living organism. They can be:

Abiotic: non-living elementsSunlightTemperatureWindHumidityAtmospheric pressurePresence of metals in the soilThe pH of the water

     2. Biotic: living organisms

Presence of other species that can be preys, competitors, predators or parasites.

We have to consider that in a pond we can find microscopic algae that use sunlight and mineral substances in the water, perform photosynthesis and then are eaten by herbivorous animals such as fish, frogs and toads (which can also eat insects as do shrews). These, in turn, are eaten by carnivorous animals, such as herons.

It must be taken into account that for life to take place in a correct and natural way, it is necessary that all the ecological factors are correct. So, the presence and quantity of ecological factors influences how the habitat develops since, for example, with the necessary and sufficient amount of sunlight, plants survive by photosynthesizing and these plants are food for herbivorous animals that in turn will be food for other carnivorous animals. This would then alter the food chain, as the population of the different species would start to decrease because it represents a series of organisms that eat each other in such a way that energy and nutrients flow from one to another.

In addition, the temperature must be adequate for vegetation to grow and for animals to survive. Therefore, it is important that the environmental factors present in the habitat are the right ones and in the right quantity, otherwise the balance of the ecosystem can be lost and thus seriously threaten the survival of the species. In this way, any factor that is altered will affect the ecosystem of the pond.

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The part of the atom that carries a negative charge is the _____, and the part that carries a positive charge is the _____.

Answers

Answer:

electrons carry negative charge, protons carry positive charge

A researcher is designing a laboratory experiment to determine whether the inorganic substance A affects the rate of a reaction between two colored liquids,X and Y. When the reaction is complete, the liquid is clear. The reaction between X and Y is similar to one used by manufacturers to produce certain chemicals in factories

Which method would best answer his question about reaction rate and what will he find out about substance A

Answers

first he should measure how long it takes for the liquid to become clear if X and Y are mixed together. Then he should measure how long it takes if he also adds substance A to X and Y. He will find out if substance is a catalyst

Gangguan pada sistem pencernaan sering kali terjadi karena kebiasaan buruk, seperti pola makan yang tidak teratur dan sembarangan. Salah satu dampak dari kebiasaan buruk yaitu penyakit maag atau gastritis. Coba jelaskan oleh Anda mengapa dapat terjadi?​

Answers

Answer:

i don't know answer of this question

Answer:

Periode yang lama tanpa makanan cenderung menyebabkan refluks asam, gastritis, dan asam lambung. Jumlah cairan pencernaan yang berlebihan dapat mengikis lapisan usus Anda dan menyebabkan bisul

Can anyone help with this biology?

Answers

Answer:

B)

Explanation:

The answer is B, because as you go up in the trophic levels, energy is lost in the process.

Answer:

The best answer would be D, all of the above.

Explanation:

Option A counts since too much rats would be bad for plants since the plants will just die out, then no food for rats, so they die out, then snakes die out from not food, then eagles, you get it. If there's too much snakes, it's bad for rats and the rats die out, means the plants over populate, then no food for snakes, so they die out, etc. It's important to have such trophic system in any habitat.

Option B counts since not all energy is past down. Plants can get the most out of energy since all they do is collect it. Meanwhile animals can't since they're always on the move, meaning that energy is lost. This is why 10% of energy is lost on each level.

Option C counts since, well isn't it obvious? Look outside. You know, there's a lot of different trees, flowers, grass, etc. Now look at birds or insects. Not as much, but still pretty diverse. Then maybe look at cats or dogs. It's clear that it's less diverse. Then raptors and bears? Not very diverse, there's a few types like hawks, falcons, polar bears, but it's not very much.

So the best option would be D, all of the above.

Which chemical bond is most common in living things? a. ionic bond b. metallic bond C. covalent bond d. hydrogen bond​

Answers

Answer:

hydrogen bond

Explanation:

i think because humans have water in the body that has hydroden maybe

Kepler discovered that
have elliptical orbits.
moons
comets
planets

all of the above
Help please??

Answers

Answer:

all of the above

Explanation:

gravity makes a planet have a combination go straight yet go around the sun at the same time creating an ellipse

sciencefocus

Câu 6: Gà có 2n =78. Vào kỳ trung gian, sau khi xảy ra tự nhân đôi, số nhiễm sắc thể trong mỗi tế bào là:
A. 78 NST đơn. B. 78 NST kép. C. 156 NST đơn. D. 156 NST kép.

Câu 7: Ở người (2n = 46), số NST trong 1 tế bào tại kì giữa của nguyên phân là:
A. 23 NST đơn. B. 46 NST kép. C. 46 NST đơn. D. 23 NST kép.

Câu 8: Ở ruồi giấm, có bộ NST 2n = 8 vào kỳ sau của nguyên phân trong một tế bào có:
A. 8 NST đơn. B. 16 NST đơn. C. 8 NST kép. D. 16 NST kép.

Answers

Answer: 6A 7D 8B

Explanation:

Whch part of reproductive system produces semen​

Answers

The answer is Testicles (testes)

Which of the following is present in eukaryotes......
A) Cell wall B) Flagellum
C)Diploid nucleus D) membrane bounded organelles

Answers

D. membrane bounded organelles

Answer:

Membrane bounded organelles are present in eukaryotes..

Explanation:

hope it is helpful to

Which of the following statements explains the importance of carbon in cells? (Choose all that apply)
Carbon affects the function of a cell.
Carbon is a waste product for a cell.
Carbon provides structure for a cell.
Carbon maintains the proper temperature in a cell.

Answers

C. I got the answer right on USA test prep work

Carbon can easily make bonds with other atoms, allowing biomolecules like DNA and RNA, which are crucial for the development and replication that characterize life, to take on a variety of shapes and functions. Thus, option C is correct.

What is importance of carbon in cells?

Carbon is an essential component for all living things. Due to its role in the production of numerous bonds and essential molecules in all living things, carbon is an important chemical.

Due to its unique chemical structure, carbon may combine with numerous other molecules to form a variety of compounds.

Because of its propensity to create stable bonds with other elements, including itself, carbon is the main component of organic molecules.

It makes up roughly 20% of an organism's weight and is necessary for them to survive, develop, and procreate.

Therefore, carbon provides structure for a cell.

Learn more about carbon here:

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9. The organs which are incompletely developed (rudimentary) and generally non-functional or without any use are called vestigial organs. Which of the following is a vestigial organ? a. Intestinal villi b. Papillae c. Vermiform appendix d. None of the above​

Answers

Answer:

Vermiform appendix is answer maybe

Whats the Independent variable for “Which Bait works best for a homemade fly trap?”

Answers

Answer:

The independent variable for "which bait works best for a homemade fly trap" if using the hypothesis of   "If I use the correct bait, then I will have a successful homemade fly trap" is the bait that you are going to use.

Explanation:

Using your "if, then" statement, the cause is called the independent variable and the effect is the dependent variable.

Hope this helps!

A man is brachydactylous (very short fingers; rare autosomal dominant), and his wife is not. Both can taste the chemical phenylthiocarbamide (autosomal dominant; common allele), but their mothers could not. Give the genotypes of the couple. If the genes assort independently and the couple has four children, what is the probability of all of them being brachydactylous

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is -

A) BbTt x bbTt

B) .5^4 or 1/16 or 0.0625

Explanation:

As it is given that Brachydactylus and PTC tasters both traits are autosomal dominant conditions which mean only one allele would be enough.

For Branchydactylus and For tasting :  man and women will be heterogeneous.

Hence,

The Genotype of man = BbTt

The Genotype of wife = bbTt

b. Answer = 0.0625

For Branchydactylus:

Bb X bb

Possible genotypes:

B b

b Bb( Brachydactylus) bb(normal)

b Bb (Brachydactylus) bb (normal)

The probability of a single child being Branchydactylus = 2/4 = 0.5

So,  Probability of all 4 child being Branchydactylus = .5 x .5 x .5 x .5 = 0.0625

una persona camina durante una hora y media y corre 4 km con velocidad constante ¿cuál era su velocidad en km/h y en m/s?​

Answers

La respuesta es: su velocidad es 2.66 km/h, equivalente a 0.738 m/s.

Explanation

Para conocer la velocidad de una persona que recorrió 4 km luego de caminar durante una hora y media es necesario dividir la distancia (en kilómetros) total en el tiempo (en horas). Entonces la operación sería:

4km/1,5h = 2.66 km/h.

Posteriormente, para convertir 2.66 km/h en m/s es necesario aplicar la siguiente formula

2.66 km/h *(1000 m/1 km)*(1 h/3.600 s) = 0.738 m/s.

different seeds need different cultivation. justify in 200 words.

for 18 points​

Answers

Answer:

Cultivation is the process of growing crops. we need different seeds to cultivate different types of food. Similarly, different seeds need different cultivation. For eg: we grow potatoes in well-drained loam soil. But we grow rice in muddy soil. Every seed has a different way to produce food. They need different temperate or climates, different types of soil, to grow them. They have their own time or season to grow and produce food. If we try to grow plants or vegetables in the wrong season or the wrong process, then we can't get a good result. For eg: If we try to grow rice in drained soil then it will not give us a good result or if we try to grow potatoes in muddy soil we cant get our good result.

So, we can say that different seeds need different cultivation.

hope this helps. please mark me as brainlist

What is the primary source of protein in your diet?

Answers

Answer:

animal source and plant sorce

Explanation:

a.eggs,meat

b.legumes

Eggs, beans, tofu, meat if you eat it

what is cell division?

Answers

Answer:

cell division is the process by which a living cell proliferates from one cell to two cells.

I hope this helps

Answer:

Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle

Explanation:

Differentiate between communicable and non-communicable diseases. Give one example of each​

Answers

Answer:

hope this helps helps you a lot

my handwriting is bad sorry for that bhai

Based on the cell theory, which of the following is true?
O All cells are too small to be seen.
O All living things are made of cells.
OSmall organisms have more cells than large organisms.
Large organisms have larger cells than small organisms.

Answers

Answer:

all living things are made of cells

Answer:

all living things are made of cells

Explanation:

The first part of the cell theory states that all living things are made up of cells. Anything that’s alive, from bacteria to plants to humans, is composed of cells. And what are cells? The literal definition is a cell is a group of organelles surrounded by a thin membrane.

please answer urgently​

Answers

Answer:

C- the enzyme is represented by the letter C

Explanation:

The sugar in RNA is, the sugar in DNA is
deoxyribose; ribose
glucose; deoxyribose
ribose; glucose
ribose; deoxyribose

Answers

Answer:

Last choice: ribose; deoxyribose

Explanation:

Ribose (otherwise known as D-ribose) is a sugar found in RNA (ribonucleic acid). It alternates with phosphate groups to create the “backbone” of the RNA polymer.

Deoxyribose (sugar in DNA) is one of the three components of nucleotides for DNA. Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base:  adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, and deoxyribose.

Glucose is a type of sugar which is a common and crucial energy source in living organisms and is often a component in various carbohydrates. Plants can create glucose by going through a process called photosynthesis, and once it's done with the process, they use the glucose (sugar) as their food for energy.

Which of the following factors does not affect soil formation?
a. precipitation
b. time
C. erosion
d. none of the above
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
B
Ο Ο Ο Ο
PLS HELP ASAP

Answers

Erosion EASY precipitation effects soil so does time the longer the more it changes

Answer:

b is the answer

Explanation:

edge2021

The raw material used by plants during photosynthesis N2and O2 O2,H2 and CO2 CO2 and water water and minerals​

Answers

Answer:

Thus, the correct answer is 'Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight'.

Certain types of dwarfism are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. What is the likelihood that two heterozygous dwarf parents produce a child without dwarfism? A. 0% B. 25% C. 75% D. 100% ng is not anobaonic trait​

Answers

Answer:

B. 25%

Explanation:

Make a punett square that crosses both heterozygous parents (Dd)

All the squares that had one or two capital Ds inherited dwarfism and the one square with no capital Ds did not inherit dwarfism

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Find the length of the segment indicated. circles 4 Dont just say the letter.What is it? 8) I'm so tired from fatigue that I feel as if a roller ____me A. had run over B. will run over C. is running over D. has run over 9. The rescue team ___more victims of the quake alive if they____ better equipment. A. saved - had B. were able to - had C. had saved - would have had D. might have saved - had 10. Marcus ___over to help with the project over the weekend, but he will be taking his mother to hospital for some tests.A. is comingB. may comeC. would comeD. will come Read the passage.Which sentence should be replaced to better support thepassage's central idea?If you ever visit Denver, Colorado, you should allowyourself several hours to peruse the Denver ArtMuseum's Asian art collection. This world-renownedcollection houses an impressive array of artwork,including woodblock prints, tea ceremony articles,bamboo sculptures, and much more. One piece ofparticular interest is a 17th-century ink-on-silk drawing ofDaruma, a South Indian monk. Visitors can also viewJapanese ceramics and paintings by women artists fromthe 17th19th centuries--the largest such collectionoutside of Japan. The Denver Art Museum is one of thelarger US art museums, with its global collectionscontaining more than 70,000 works of art from aroundthe world."This world-renowned collection houses animpressive array of artwork, including woodblockprints, tea ceremony articles, bamboo sculptures, andmuch more."O "One piece of particular interest is a 17th-century ink-on-silk drawing of Daruma, a South Indian monk."O "Visitors can also view Japanese ceramics andpaintings by women artists from the 17th19thcenturiesthe largest such collection outside ofJapan.""The Denver Art Museum is one of the larger US artmuseums, with its global collections containing morethan 70,000 works of art from around the world." 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A study was conducted in order to estimate ?, the mean number of weekly hours that U.S. adults use computers at home. Suppose a random sample of 81 U.S. adults gives a mean weekly computer usage time of 8.5 hours and that from prior studies, the population standard deviation is assumed to be ? = 3.6 hours.A similar study conducted a year earlier estimated that ?, the mean number of weekly hours that U.S. adults use computers at home, was 8 hours. We would like to test (at the usual significance level of 5%) whether the current study provides significant evidence that this mean has changed since the previous year.Using a 95% confidence interval of (7.7, 9.3), our conclusion is that:a. the current study does provide significant evidence that the mean number of weekly hours has changed over the past year, since 8 falls outside the confidence interval.b. the current study does not provide significant evidence that the mean number of weekly hours has changed over the past year, since 8 falls outside the confidence interval.c. the current study does provide significant evidence that the mean number of weekly hours has changed over the past year, since 8 falls inside the confidence interval.d. the current study does not provide significant evidence that the mean number of weekly hours has changed over the past year, since 8 falls inside the confidence interval.e. None of the above. 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