The link between various organisms in an ecosystem is depicted graphically by an ecological pyramid. It displays the movement of energy throughout the various trophic levels of an ecosystem.
What constitutes an eco pyramid's four trophic levels?Three or four trophic levels make up the majority of food chains. Typical sequences include plant, herbivore, carnivore, and top carnivore; alternatively, plant, herbivore, parasite of the herbivore, and parasite of the parasite may be used.
How do ecological pyramids function?Various trophic levels are followed by producers at the base of ecological pyramids (such as herbivores that eat plants, then carnivores that eat flesh, then omnivores that eat both plants and flesh, and so on). The top of the food chain is the most elevated position.
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_____consist of hollow tubes and small fibers which provide support for the cell
Microtubules are made up of hollow tubes that sustain the cell and direct the movement of organelles.
Microtubules are internal cell structures that, during cell division, enable the division of the cell into equal halves, according to the science of biology. Microtubules are involved with tracking the movement of other organelles in a cell in addition to their role in cell division. This enables other organelles to carry out their tasks effectively. The microtubules, which are hollow tubes, are also linked to providing a cell with adequate support.Tubulin polymers make up microtubules, which are a component of the cytoskeleton. The functions of the microtubules include intracellular transport, cilia and flagella structural support, cell division, and maintenance of the shape and structure of the cell.
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PLSSSS HELP
Part E
Sinuosity is a measure of how much a river meanders or curves. It is a ratio of the river’s entire curved length compared to a straight path from the river’s beginning to its end. According to this formula, a straight river would have a sinuosity equal to 1 because its entire length is equal to its straight-line length. A river that curves would have a sinuosity greater than one.
Calculate and record the sinuosity of your river. Then, based on the diagram, rate the river as straight, sinuous, or meandering. To obtain your river length, snake a piece of string through your river bed, and then measure the string’s length with your ruler. For the straight line length, measure the distance from the beginning of your river to the end along a straight path.
Based on the determined sinuosity of the river, it can be concluded that the river is meandering.
What is the sinuosity of a river?Sinuosity is a measure of how much a river meanders or curves. It is a ratio of the river’s entire curved length compared to a straight path from the river’s beginning to its end.
Mathematically,
Sinuosity = river length / straight-line length
Considering the given river in the diagram
The length of the river = 30 cm
The straight-line length = 15 cm
Sinuosity = 30/15
Sinuosity = 2
Since the sinuosity is greater than 1.5, the river is meandering.
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Using a punnet square show a cross between a pure breeding green pea plant and a pure breeding yellow pea plant.
f.
What is the genotype of the offspring from the cross?
Why do all of these plants have yellow cotyledons?
Answer:They all have yellow is because it is a dominant trait
Explanation:
dominant traits are better than recessive traits
Microorganisms are beneficial to humans in all of the following ways EXCEPT
A.)Pseudomonas, molds and other microorganisms break down lettuce and strawberries at refrigeration temperatures.
B.)marine and freshwater organisms form the basis of the food web.
C.)some microorganisms live symbiotically with plants and transform nitrogen gas into organic compounds.
D.)soil microorganisms break down matter.
E.)Fermenting microorganisms produce yogurt and sauerkraut from milk and cabbage.
Microorganisms are beneficial to humans except that Pseudomonas, molds, and other microorganisms break down lettuce and strawberries at refrigeration temperatures. Here option A is the correct answer.
Microorganisms play an important role in many food industries by fermenting carbohydrates in food products. This process results in the production of lactic acid, which can be used to preserve food, change the texture and flavor of food, and also increases the nutritional value of food.
Examples of fermented food products include yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut, beer, and wine.
Microorganisms are also used in the production of antibiotics, vitamins, and enzymes. They are also used in the bioremediation of pollutants and in the production of biofuels.
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how is it called to the weight shift and distribution of the body’s muscles at rest? it also includes the tensed ripple effect caused throughout the body.
Contrapposto called to the weight shift and distribution of the body’s muscles at rest it also includes the tensed ripple effect caused throughout the body.
'What is contrapposto?'
In the visual arts, contrapposto is a sculptural technique that dates back to the ancient Greeks. It involves a standing human figure that is positioned so that the weight of the body rests on one leg (known as the engaged leg), freeing the other leg, which is bent at the knee. The hips, shoulders, and head tilt as the weight shifts, signifying relaxation and the delicate organic movement that indicates life within. Both draped and bare people can be depicted in contrapposto. This formula was developed by the Greeks at the beginning of the 5th century BC as an alternative to the stiffly static stance, in which the weight is evenly distributed on both legs, that had previously dominated Greek figure sculpture.
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connective tissue wrapped around each muscle fiber
Connective tissue wrapped around each muscle fiber is Endomysium.
Along with epithelial tissue, muscular tissue, and nerve tissue, connective tissue (sometimes known as fibrous tissue) is one of the four main forms of animal tissue. It grows from mesenchyme, the intermediate embryonic germ layer that is descended from mesoderm. Everywhere in the body, including the nervous system, connective tissue may be found in the spaces between other tissues. Connective tissue makes up the three meninges, which are membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Each individual muscle fiber, or muscle cell, is sheathed in the thin layer of areolar connective tissue known as the endomysium, or within the muscle. Nerves and capillaries are also present. The sarcolemma covers the cell membrane of the muscle fiber. The tiniest and deepest part of muscular connective tissue is called endomysium.
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How many chromosomes in a haploid cell if an organism have 46 pair of chromosomes in every somatic cell?.
Every cell in the human body contains 23 pairs of these chromosomes, giving us a diploid number of 46 and a haploid number of 23. Autosomes are 22 of the 23 pairs.
A 23-chromosome haploid cell (left) and a 46-chromosome diploid cell (right) (right).
Human cells are classified as 'diploid' because they receive two sets of chromosomes, a total of 46 in total, 23 from the mother and 23 from the father. The only exceptions are reproductive (egg and sperm) cells, which are referred to as "haploid" because they have a single set of 23 chromosomes.
Haploid gametes have only one set of chromosomes. As a result, they have half the number of diploid cells. This is because when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg, their chromosomes combine. Because each gamete has a half set of chromosomes, when they combine, the resulting fertilized egg will have a full set. The fertilized egg, known as a zygote, will then begin cell division, with each resulting cell being diploid, meaning it has a complete set of chromosomes.
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Click the image that matches the following description Land loses heat energy faster than water, which means the air molecules over the water are
warmer and less dense. The air over the water rises into the atmosphere and pushes the cooler air out of the way. As the cool air becomes denser it sin
over the land and is pushed toward the water
Because water has a considerably larger heat capacity, or specific heat, than sands, soils, or other materials do.
How does water absorb heat energy compared to land?For a given quantity of sun irradiation (insolation), water temperature will rise less than land temperature because water has a considerably larger heat capacity, or specific heat, than sands, soils, or other materials do.As a result of the pressure differential, air moves from the low pressure over the land to the high pressure over the sea. The sea breeze is the word used to describe this airflow from the sea to the land.Convection, conduction, thermal radiation, and evaporative cooling are a few of the several types of heat transmission methods.To learn more about heat energy refer to:
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Surrounding the Sahara and other
deserts in the region are steppe
climates. These are areas that get a
little more rain each year and are
able to support short grasses. What
are these areas good for?
A. grazing herds
B. lumber
C. agriculture
For places that receive a bit more rain each year and can grow short grasses, grazing herds are a suitable option.
Do steppes make good farming land?Although many marginal, semi-arid steppe areas have been planted with crops, they are not economically viable; most of the cereals produced in these areas are fed to livestock; however, grain yields in these areas are very low and produce no more livestock products than would be produced in natural grassland, despite being much more expensive.
Which land is most suitable for farming?A wide variety of specialized crops can be supported by well-drained, loamy soils. Stone fruit and root crops cannot be grown in clay soils with a finer texture and poor drainage without significant modification. When cultivated, excessively sloped land is vulnerable to erosion and is best suited for perennial plants.
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occurs when oil and dead skin cells clog the skin’s pores
Pimples form when germs, dead skin, and oil become trapped in a pore, causing swelling and irritation.
outline dead skin cells ?
The term "dead skin" refers to the dead skin cells that our bodies constantly shed and replace with new cells. Every day, our bodies shed between 30,000 and 40,000 skin cells. Normal cell turnover occurs once every 30 days.
Desquamation involves the production of new skin cells as well as the removal of dead skin cells. However, dead skin cells may not always shed regularly. When this happens, they might accumulate and manifest as dull, flaky skin. Understanding what's causing this will help you figure out how to fix it.
Blackheads form when oil and dead skin cells become trapped in the pore yet the pore stays open. Whiteheads are formed when a pore closes over and fills with a little quantity of white pus. Pimples form when germs, dead skin, and oil become trapped in a pore, causing swelling and irritation.
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4. Think about the carbon cycle. Describe how each of the two systems in your experiment modeled
aspects of the cycling of carbon on Earth. Which parts of the Earth system - the hydrosphere,
atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere were represented by your models? Which part or parts were
missing? (3 points)
Analyze how each sphere of the Earth contributes in the cycle and apply it to the experiment to determine how your experiment mimics the carbon cycle.
What is the carbon cycle?The movement of carbon across several spheres is a normal occurrence on Earth.The atmosphere is made up of gaseous carbon dioxide.Biosphere: Animals create carbon as a result of respiration, but plants utilise carbon and emit oxygen.Carbon is present in the geosphere as a result of processes like biological decay.Carbon dioxide is dissolved in the hydrosphere.Name the elements in your experiment and how they relate to carbon.This function should be compared to the speheres' function.Link the experiment to the natural model.Analyze how each sphere of the Earth contributes in the cycle and apply it to the experiment to determine how your experiment mimics the carbon cycle.To learn more about carbon cycle refer to:
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What is the most important factor in determining the properties of an element?.
The most important factor that determines the chemical properties of an element is the number of electrons in the outermost shell.
The most important factor that determines the chemical properties of an element is the number of electrons in the outermost shell. The number of electrons in the outer shell determines the bonding properties of the element. An element's chemical properties are determined by the number of bonds it can form with other elements. And the number of bonds it can form depends on the number of valence electrons present. All elements want to reach a stable state by sharing electrons with each other or transferring electrons to form bonds with other elements. And only the number of valence electrons determines its stability.
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at its resting state, the outside of a neuron is more ______________ than the inside of the neuron.
During Nerve Impulse Transmission, At the Resting State the outside of Neuron is more Positively charged than Inside of Neuron due to more sodium ions.
Nerve Impulse transmission is the process by which a neuron transmits a signal or impulse from one point to another and thereby to the adjacent neurons finally reaching the Brain. The Outside of Cell have more Sodium ions and Inside have more Potassium ions although the cell always want high Potassium or K+ ions inside and this is achieved by Active Transport Mechanism called Sodium- Potassium Pump. During the Resting Membrane Potential of -70 Mv the outside have more Positive Charge due to more Sodium ions. When an impulse reaches a sudden reversal of this charge occurs at the point of impulse contact and is transmitted electrically through the opening of Gated ion Channels. This Process is called Nerve Impulse Transmission.
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diagramC is a chloroplast as seen on a micrograph. B Remember: 1000 um (micron) = 1 mm ruler to measure the actual length of the scale and the length of the full specimen of (diagram C). Use your answers to calculate the actual length of the chloroplast. actual length of chloroplast = measured length of specimen x length on scale measured length on scale working and give the answer in microns (µm)
The actual length of the chloroplast is 8000 µm..
What is actual length?Actual length is the exact measurement of an object or distance from one point to another. It is the most accurate way of measuring the size of something, as it takes into account all the small details that could affect the measurement. Actual length is important when measuring objects such as buildings, roads, or other large structures, as well as in engineering and construction projects. For example, when constructing a bridge, the actual length of each beam needs to be measured accurately so that it fits properly. In other cases, such as when measuring a room, the actual length of the walls needs to be known so that furniture or other items can fit in the room properly.
The measured length of the specimen is 1 mm. The length of the full specimen on the scale is 8 µm.
Therefore, the actual length of the chloroplast is 8 x 1000 µm = 8000 µm.
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How did Darwin's discovery of Galapagos finches help support his theory of evolution?.
The discovery of Galapagos finches by Darwin postulated that the beak of an ancestral species had adapted over time to equip the finches with different food sources. This is help support his theory of evolution.
The finches of the Galapagos Islands are a prime example of adaptive radiation. A few million years ago, their common ancestor arrived on the islands. Since then, a single species has evolved into several species that are suited to various lifestyles.
The Galapagos finches contributed to Darwin's understanding of natural selection. Darwin's Finches' beaks' favorable adaptations were selected for over generations until they all branched out to form new species. These birds, while nearly identical to mainland finches in every other way, had distinct beaks.
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when a disturbance changes a community without removing the soil, what type of succession follows?
The following happens when a community is disturbed without removing the soil Next comes secondary succession.
The secondary succession is what?A formerly inhabited area gets recolonized in secondary succession after a disturbance that obliterates most or all of the community. Oak and hickory forests that have been burned down provide a great illustration of secondary succession. Most flora will be destroyed by wildfires, and animals that cannot escape the area will perish.
Where is secondary succession most common?Secondary succession happens in situations where all of the previously existing living things were lost. When native biotic communities have indeed been disrupted, such as when woods have been cut down or burned, when farms have been abandoned, or when lands have been inundated, secondary succession begins.
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____ stimulates cells to break down glycogen into glucose
Glucagon stimulates cells to break down glycogen into glucose.
Your body naturally produces glucagon, which coordinates with other hormones and bodily functions to regulate blood glucose (sugar) levels. Your blood sugar won't drop too low with glucagon. Your pancreas' alpha cells produce glucagon, which they release in response to exercise, prolonged fasting, protein-rich meals, and low blood sugar.
Hormones are chemicals that send messages to your organs, skin, muscles, and other tissues through your blood to coordinate various body functions. Your body is told by these signals when and what to do.
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3. How can genetic engineering be beneficial to human society?
There may be unknown side effects.
Genes coded for diseases could be eliminated.
Bacteria and viruses could grow stronger.
Genes can be completely changed.
The ability to eradicate diseases through genetic engineering might be advantageous to human society.
What are genetic engineering's social advantages?With improved agricultural yields and the ability to fend off pests, droughts, and floods, genetic technologies are revolutionizing the way we grow food. Along with raising life expectancy and quality of life, they are also providing fresh approaches to the fight against cancer and many other inherited disorders.
Which three advantages do genetic modifications offer?Increased crop yields, lower production costs for food or drugs, less need for pesticides, improved nutrient composition and food quality, disease and pest resistance, greater food security, and medical advantages for the world's expanding population are a few advantages of genetic engineering in agriculture.
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all of the following cell components are found in prokaryotic cells except
The correct option is (D) because the purpose of the endoplasmic reticulum is to manufacture proteins and the proteins are synthesized in prokaryotic by ribosomes that are free within the cell's cytoplasm.
Single-celled microbes known as prokaryotic cells are estimated to be the oldest on the planet. Bacteria and Archaea are examples of prokaryotes. Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes that perform photosynthesis. Because a prokaryotic cell has a single membrane, all processes take place within the cytoplasm. They can be either free-living or parasitic. The following is the structure of a prokaryotic cell: In addition to the cell wall, capsules are an outer protective layer found in bacterial cells. It aids in moisture retention, cell protection when engulfed, and cell adhesion to nutrients and surfaces. Cell Wall is the cell's outermost layer that gives the cell form and the cytoplasm is a gel-like component and cell component that is mostly constituted of enzymes, salts, and cell organelles. Ribosomes are tiny particles found in bacterial cells. They are composed of ribosomal protein and act as a protein production site. Certain organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi bodies, are absent in prokaryotic cells.
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The complete question is: All of the following cell components are found in prokaryotic cells except
(A) A cell wall
(B) Ribosomes
(C) DNA
(D) An endoplasmic reticulum
(E) A plasma membrane
Biological approach to psychology focuses on the brain and _________ system
Biological approach to psychology focuses on the brain and nervous system, hormones and genetics.
Biological psychologists usually studies human brain that to specialized parts, or systems, and their complexity and relationships. In Biological perspective it is considered that psychological disorders are linked to many biological phenomena, that includes genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and other brain abnormalities .
Hence, these studies within biological psychology also include neural mechanisms, genetics, behavior, and other relationship that lies between body and the mind. Studies of normal brain function and how brain disease and injury influence behaviors, feelings, and thoughts are the research outcomes of these studies.
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Which of the following molecules are needed to successfully create a transgenic organism (GMO)?
a. restriction enzymes that leave straight ends
b. viral DNA to insert at the active site
c. restriction enzymes that leave sticky ends
d. transporter proteins to allow water and sugar through the cell
The transporter proteins to allow water and sugar through the cell is following molecules are needed to successfully create a transgenic organism (GMO).
How does protein transport occur within the cell?Most of the proteins are then transported to the Golgi apparatus in membranous vesicles. Some proteins, however, need to stay in the ER and do their job there.
Transport by a carrier protein can be passive or active. One of the types of transport carried out by carrier proteins is mediated passive transport (facilitated diffusion), which is the displacement of a substance from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration, without energy expenditure.
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yeasts can perform both aerobic respiration and fermentation. in fact, the homebrewer must be careful that oxygen is not introduced into the carboy once the yeast begin fermentation. what would be the products if o2 is allowed to enter the carboy?
If oxygen is allowed to enter the carboy during fermentation, yeasts would perform aerobic respiration.
In aerobic respiration, yeast cells use oxygen as the final electron acceptor to produce energy, this process will produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) as the main by-products. During fermentation, yeast cells ferment sugars to produce energy without using oxygen. In the absence of oxygen, yeast will ferment sugars anaerobically to produce ethanol and CO2 as the main by-products.If oxygen is allowed to enter the carboy during fermentation, yeast will switch from fermentation to aerobic respiration. This can lead to several potential problems for the homebrewer. For example, the final alcohol content of the beer will be lower, the beer will have a different flavor and aroma, and the yeast may produce other by-products such as acetaldehyde, which can give a green apple-like taste to the beer. Additionally, the process can be halted.
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what happens when an individual specializes in producing one good or service and then receives other goods and services from another individual who specializes?
Specialization lowers production costs. Both parties benefit from the voluntary exchange that occurs when one person specialises to create one good and then purchases other desired goods from those other experts.
They become more proficient at a task the more they concentrate on it, which reduces the time and cost necessary to produce a good. In other words, more items can be produced with the same amount of time and money. The end consequence is that civilization as a whole can consume and produce much more than if each person tried to generate all of their own products and services. This is because workers can concentrate on their preferences and abilities, learn to do their specialised occupations better, and work in larger organisations. In order to become more effective, specialisation in business is concentrating on a single product or a small range of items.
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What could influence natural selection and increase genetic diversity?.
Answer:
Mutations and sexual reproduction increase genetic variation in a population. Natural selection occurs when environmental pressures favor certain traits that are passed on to offspring.
Who used the term plasmodesmata for the cytoplasmic connection between Neighbouring cells?.
The cytoplasmic link between neighboring cells was referred to as plasmodesmata by Strasburger.
The Latin word plasmo, which means fluid, and the Greek word desma, which means a bond, combine to form the word plasmodesmata. Eduard Tangle found the Plasmodesmata in 1879, and Strasburger named them in 1901. A conduit called plasmodesmata allows materials to pass between neighboring cells. This plasmodesmata aids in maintaining cytoplasm continuity between neighboring cells. It is like a cytoplasmic bridge that crosses the plant cell wall and allows for the effective transmission of signaling chemicals between adjacent cells. It is like a gap junction in animal cells.
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which are true about meiosis but not mitosis?
1. it generates genetically different cells.
2. it generates haploid cells.
3. it involves prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
4. it involves two rounds of nuclear division.
5. it begins with a diploid cell.
Answer:
4. it involves two rounds of nuclear division
Explanation:
unlike mitosis, meiosis involves two rounds of nuclear division, not just one. Despite this fact, many of the other events of meiosis are similar to those that occur in mitosis.
if the postsynaptic membrane potential reaches threshold level, an action potential will be produced.
True, if the post-synaptic membrane potential reaches threshold level, an action potential will be produced.
What is action potential?A sudden, quick, temporary, and propagating alteration of the resting membrane potential is known as an action potential. Excitability refers to the property that only neurons and muscle cells possess—the ability to produce an action potential.
A nerve signal is an action potential. These signals are produced by neurons and are carried along their processes as they travel to the target tissues. They will experience some sort of stimulation, inhibition, or modulation after being stimulated.
A stimulus that shifts the membrane potential to threshold potential values causes an action potential to be produced. In most cases, the threshold potential is between -50 and -55 mV.
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Full question:
If the post-synaptic membrane potential reaches threshold level, an action potential will be produced.
True or False
what is the cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle cell called
The cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle cell called Sarcoplasm
What is Sarcoplasm ?Numerous bundles of myofibrils regularly ordered filaments are found inside each skeletal muscle cell, or myofiber. Skeletal muscle's distinctive striped or striated look is caused by the intricately structured arrangement of filaments within the myofibrils.
These are muscle cells. Sarcolemma refers to the covering over muscle fibres. Sarcoplasm refers to the protoplasm found within muscle fibres. In muscle fibres, the endoplasmic reticulum is known as sarcoplasmic reticulum.
The abundant sarcoplasm (i.e., cytoplasm) within the core of the myotube between and around nuclei contains membranous organelles. These are mitochondria with well-formed cristae, Golgi apparatuses generally located at the end of a nucleus, and single-membrane vesicles.
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what is the main substance that blood carries to all of your cells?
oxygen
Blood brings oxygen and nutrients to all the parts of the body so they can keep working. Blood carries carbon dioxide and other waste materials to the lungs, kidneys, and digestive system to be removed from the body.
The three basic variables that make up the life history of an organism area. life expectancy, birth rate, and death rate.b. number of reproductive females in the population, age structure of the population, and life expectancyc. age when reproduction begins, how often reproduction occurs, and how many offspring are produced per reproductive episoded. how often reproduction occurs, life expectancy of females in the population, and number of offspring per reproductive episodee. the number of reproductive females in the population, how often reproduction occurs, and death rate
The correct option is A; Age when reproduction begins, how often reproduction occurs, and how many offspring are produced per reproductive episoded.
A species' life cycle is determined by the timing of its growth, reproduction, and mortality.
Lengthy gestation durations of many months, gradual maturation (and consequently extended parental care), and long life spans are characteristics of K-selected species. Furthermore, they like to live in biological communities that are rather stable, such as late-successional or climax forests (see ecological succession).
Variables in an experiment are typically of three types: independent, dependent, and controlled. The independent variable is the one that the scientist alters. A good experiment has only ONE independent variable to ensure a fair test.
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