Answers
Answer:
The rate constant of an SN1 reaction depends on the nucleophile
The rate constant of an SN2 reaction does not depend on the nucleophile
Explanation:
Let us recall that in an SN1 reaction, the rate determining step involves only the alkyl halide substrate and not the nucleophile. Hence;
Rate = k[RX]
Therefore;
k= Rate/[RX]
For an SN2 reaction, the rate determining step involves both the nucleophile and the alkyl halide substrate.
Hence;
Rate = k[Nu-] [RX]
k= Rate/[Nu-] [RX]
Note that;
[Nu-] = concentration of the nucleophile
[RX] =concentration of alkyl halide substrate
k= rate constant
We can see from the above derivations that;
1) The rate constant of an SN1 reaction does not depend on the nucleophile
2) The rate constant of an SN2 reaction depends on the nucleophile
Related Questions
A 10.00 mL sample of ethanol is added to 250.0 mL of water in order to observe the freezing point depression of the water. Consider the possible errors in this experiment, and determine whether each would cause the freezing point of the water to increase, decrease, or remain the same compared with the expected results. The ethanol sample is left out for several minutes before being added to the water, allowing a Choose... significant amount to evaporate. Some of the water is splashed out of the container before the ethanol is added. Choose... Choose... Instead of starting the experiment with room temperature water, the experiment is started with cold water. It is discovered that the 10.00 g ethanol sample is actually 95% ethanol and 5% water. Choose... Choose... Some of the ethanol and water solution is spilled out of the container during temperature measurement
Answers
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Addition of a solute lowers the freezing point of a substance.
Let us recall that the addition of a solute to a solution lowers the freezing point of the pure solution. This is because, freezing point depression is a colligative property. It depends on the number of solute molecules present.
The following are possible errors in the experiment:
The ethanol sample is left out for several minutes before being added to the water allowing a significant amount to evaporate. This causes the freezing point of water to increase compared with the expected results.Some of the water is splashed out of the container before the ethanol is added. This causes the freezing point of water to increase compared with the expected results. It is discovered that the 10.00 g ethanol sample is actually 95% ethanol and 5% water. This causes the freezing point of water to decrease compared with the expected results.Some of the ethanol and water solution is spilled out of the container during temperature measurement. This causes the freezing point of water to remain the same compared with the expected results.Learn more about colligative properties:https://brainly.com/question/8073802
The elementary reaction 2H2O(g)↽−−⇀2H2(g)+O2(g) proceeds at a certain temperature until the partial pressures of H2O, H2, and O2 reach 0.0900 bar , 0.00100 bar , and 0.00350 bar respectively. What is the value of the equilibrium constant at this temperature?
Answers
Answer:
3.89 ×10^-5
Explanation:
Since they are gaseous reactants, we obtain the equilibrium constant from the given partial pressures;
p(H2O) = 0.0900 bar
p(H2) = 0.00100 bar
p(O2) = 0.00350 bar
The equation of the reaction is;2H2O(g)⇄2H2(g)+O2(g)
Kp= p(H2) . p(O2)/p(H2O)
Kp= 0.00100 × 0.00350/0.0900
Kp= 3.89 ×10^-5
What is the volume of 6 moles of hydrogen gas, H2 (g)
Answers
Answer:
Molar volume, or volume of one mole of gas , depends on pressure and temperature, and is 22.4 liters - at 0 °C (273.15 K) and 1 atm (101325 Pa), or STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), for every gas which behaves similarly to an ideal gas. The ideal gas molar volume increases to 24.0 liters as the temperature increases to 20 °C (at 1 atm).
You perform a distillation to separate a mixture of propylbenzene and cyclohexane, and you obtain 2.9949 grams of cyclohexane (density -0.779 g/mL, MW - 84.16 g/mol) and 1.6575 grams of propylbenzene (density = 0.862 g/mL, MW = 120.2 g/mol). What is the volume percent composition of cyclohexane in the mixture?
Answers
Answer:
66.67%
Explanation:
From the given information:
mass of cyclohexane = 2.9949 grams
density of cyclohexane = 0.779 g/mL
Recall that:
Density = mass/volume
∴
Volume = mass/density
So, the volume of cyclohexane = 2.9949 g/ 0.779 g/mL
= 3.8445 mL
Also,
mass of propylbenzene = 1.6575 grams
density of propylbenzene = 0.862 g/mL
Volume of propylbenzene = 1.6575 g/ 0.862 g/mL
= 1.9229 mL
The volume % composition of cyclohexane from the mixture is:
[tex]= (\dfrac{v_{cyclohexane}}{v_{cyclohexane}+v_{propylbenzene}})\times 100[/tex]
[tex]= (\dfrac{3.8445}{3.8445+1.9229})\times 100[/tex]
[tex]= (\dfrac{3.8445}{5.7674})\times 100[/tex]
= 66.67%
A system fitted with a piston expands when it absorbs 53.1 ) of heat from the surroundings. The piston is working against a pressure of 0.677 atm. The final volume is 63.2 L. What was the initial volume of the system if the internal energy of the system decreased by 108.3 J?
a. 65.6 L
b. 64.0 L
c. 70.8 L
d. 60.8 L
e. 54.4L
Answers
Answer:
d. 60.8 L
Explanation:
Step 1: Given data
Heat absorbed (Q): 53.1 JExternal pressure (P): 0.677 atmFinal volume (V2): 63.2 LChange in the internal energy (ΔU): -108.3 JStep 2: Calculate the work (W) done by the system
We will use the following expression.
ΔU = Q + W
W = ΔU - Q
W = -108.3 J - 53.1 J = -161.4 J
Step 3: Convert W to atm.L
We will use the conversion factor 1 atm.L = 101.325 J.
-161.4 J × 1 atm.L/101.325 J = -1.593 atm.L
Step 4: Calculate the initial volume
First, we will use the following expression.
W = - P × ΔV
ΔV = - W / P
ΔV = - 1.593 atm.L / 0.677 atm = 2.35 L
The initial volume is:
V2 = V1 + ΔV
V1 = V2 - ΔV
V1 = 63.2 L - 2.35 L = 60.8 L
A 2.00-mol sample of hydrogen gas is heated at constant pressure from 294 K to 414 K. (a) Calculate the energy transferred to the gas by heat. kJ (b) Calculate the increase in its internal energy. kJ (c) Calculate the work done on the gas. kJ
Answers
Answer:
a) The energy transferred is 6.91 kJ
b) The internal energy is 4.90 kJ
c) The work done on the gas is - 2.01 kJ
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Number of moles of hydrogen gas = 2.00 moles
Pressure = constant
Temperature is heated from 294 K to 414 K
Molar heat capacity of hydrogen gas = 28.8 J/mol*K
Step 2: Calculate the energy transferred to the gas by heat.
Q = n* Cp * ΔT
⇒with Q =the energy transferred
⇒with n = the number of moles = 2.00 moles
⇒with Cp = the Molar heat capacity of hydrogen gas = 28.8 J/mol*K
⇒ with ΔT = Temperature 2 - Temperature 1 = 414 - 294 = 120K
Q = 2.00 * 28.8 * 120
Q = 6912 J = 6.91 kJ
Step 3: Calculate the increase in its internal energy.
ΔEint = n*Cv*ΔT
⇒with ΔEint = the increase in its internal energy.
⇒with n = the number of moles = 2.00 moles
⇒with Cv = The constant volume = 20.4 J/mol*K
⇒with ΔT = Temperature 2 - Temperature 1 = 414 - 294 = 120K
ΔEint = 2.00 * 20.4 * 120
ΔEint =4896 J = 4.90 kJ
Step 4: Calculate the work done on the gas.
Work done on the gas = -Q + ΔEint
W = -6.91 kJ + 4.90 kJ
W = -2.01 kJ
A person uses 400.8 kcal of energy to run a race. Convert the energy used for the race to the following energy units:
(provide an answer in 4 significant figures)
Calories
calories
Food Calories
Joules
Kilojoules
Hint: 1kcal=4.184kJ
Answers
Calories, we know that fat burn is calories.
Is Water and kerosine a mixture
Answers
Answer:
No.Kerosene oil and water do not mix with each other and form two separate layers.
Answer:
No
Explanation:
They cannot be mixed together they will form upper and lower layer
(in the image)
What Is the noble gas configuration for strontium (atomic number = 38)? Given: He (atomic number = 2) Ne (atomic number = 10) Ar (atomic number = 18) Kr (atomic number = 36) B В A [Kr 45Kr 5
Answers
Answer:
[Kr] 5s²
Explanation:
From the question given above, the following data were obtained:
Atomic number of strontium (Sr) = 38
Electronic configuration =?
Next, we shall determine the electronic configuration of the noble gas element before strontium (Sr).
The noble gas element before strontium (Sr) is krypton (Kr). Thus, the electronic configuration of krypton (Kr) is given below:
Kr (36) => 1s² 2s²2p⁶ 3s²3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s²4p⁶
Finally, we shall determine the electronic configuration of strontium (Sr). This can be obtained as follow:
Kr (36) => 1s² 2s²2p⁶ 3s²3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s²4p⁶
Sr (38) =>?
Sr (38) => 1s² 2s²2p⁶ 3s²3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s²4p⁶ 5s²
But
Kr (36) => 1s² 2s²2p⁶ 3s²3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s²4p⁶
Therefore,
Sr (38) => [Kr] 5s²
As discussed in class, the Fischer esterification reactants and products are at equilibrium. How was the equilibrium of the reaction that you performed shifted towards the products
Answers
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
The particular reactants in the Fischer esterification reaction were not stated.
Generally, a Fischer esterification is a reaction that proceeds as follows;
RCOOH + R'OH ⇄RCOOR' + H2O
This reaction occurs in the presence of an acid catalyst.
We can shift the equilibrium of this reaction towards the products side in two ways;
I) use of a large excess of either of the reactants
ii) removal of one of the products as it is formed.
Any of these methods shifts the equilibrium of the Fischer esterification reaction towards the products side.
A sample of gas contains 0.1500 mol of CH4(g) and 0.1500 mol of H2O(g) and occupies a volume of 13.0 L. The following reaction
takes place:
CH_(g) + H2O(g) 3H2(g) + CO(g)
Calculate the volume of the sample after the reaction takes place, assuming that the temperature and the pressure remain constant.
L
Answers
Answer:
26.0L is the volume of the sample after the reaction
Explanation:
Based on the reaction, 1 mole of CH4 reacts with 1 mole of H2O to produce 1 mole of CO and 3 moles of H2.
That is, 1 mole of each reactant produce 4 moles of gases
As in the reaction, 0.1500 moles of CH4 and 0.1500 moles of H2O are added, 0.1500 moles of CO and 0.4500 moles of H2 are produced.
Before the reaction, the moles of gas are 0.3000 moles and after the reaction the moles are 0.6000 moles of gas.
Based on Avogadro's law, the moles of a gas are directly proportional to the volume under temperatura and pressure constant. The equation is:
V1/n1 = V2/n2
Where V is volume and n are moles of 1, initial state and 2, final state.
Replacing:
V1 = 13.0L
n1 = 0.3000 moles
V2 = ?
n2 = 0.6000 moles
13.0L*0.6000 moles / 0.3000 moles = V2
V2 = 26.0L is the volume of the sample after the reaction
At constant temperature and pressure, if 0.4 mole of a gas. A occupies 220 ml, and x mole of B gas occupies 120 ml. what is the number of moles of gas B?
Answers
Answer:
0.218mol
Explanation:
Using Avogadro's law equation;
Va/na = Vb/nb
Where;
Va = volume of gas A
Vb = volume of gas B
na = number of moles of gas A
nb = number of moles of gas B
According to the information in this question,
na = 0.4mol
nb = x mol
Va = 220ml
Vb = 120ml
Using Va/na = Vb/nb
220/0.4 = 120/x
Cross multiply
0.4 × 120 = 220 × x
48 = 220x
x = 48/220
x = 0.218mol
Sally has constructed a concentration cell to measure Ksp for MCln. She constructs the cell by adding 2 mL of 0.05 M M(NO3)n to one compartment of the microwell plate. She then makes a solution of MCln by adding KCl to M(NO3)n. She adds 7.903 mL of the resulting mixture to a second compartment of the microwell plate. Sally knows n = +2. She has already calculated [Mn+] in the prepared MCln solution using the Nernst equation. [Mn+] = 8.279 M
Required:
How many moles of [Cl-] must be dissolved in that compartment?
Answers
Answer:
0.1309 mol
Explanation:
From the given information:
The metal ion, two ions of [tex]M^{+}[/tex] reacted with Cl⁻ to form [tex]MCl_n[/tex] i.e. the compound formed is [tex]MCl_2[/tex].
The concentration of the metal ion formed [tex][M^+][/tex] = 8.279 M
The concentration of the chlorine ion formed [tex][Cl^-][/tex] = 2 × 8.279 M
= 16.558 M
∴
We know that:
[tex]\mathsf{Molarity = \dfrac{no \ of \ moles }{volume (mL)}}[/tex]
The number of moles of [tex][Cl^-][/tex] = [tex]16.558 \ mol.L^{-1} \times 7.903 \ mL \times \dfrac{1 \ L}{1000 \ mL}[/tex]
= 0.1309 mol
7.7 cm
9.8 cm
0.00
0.162 m
Answers
Answer:
Volume = 1222.5cm³
Explanation:
If the question is about the volume of the rectangle:
The volume of a rectangle is obtained by the multiplication of its 3 dimensions: Length, width, height.
In the problem, the length of the rectangle is 0.162m = 16.2cm
The width is 7.7cm
And the height is 9.8cm
The volume is:
Volume = 16.2cm*7.7cm*9.8cm
Volume = 1222.5cm³Gu
Magnesium metal is reacted with hydrochloric acid to produce
hydrogen gas. A sample of hydrogen gas is collected over water
in a eudiometer at 28.0°C. The atmospheric pressure is 636
mmHg. Determine the pressure (in atm) of the hydrogen gas
produced
Pressure =
atm
Answers
The pressure of hydrogen gas is 607.7 mmHg
According of Dalton's law of Partial pressure, the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases in the mixture.
We can now write;
The for hydrogen collected over water, we have a mixture of hydrogen gas and water vapour.
Total pressure = pressure of hydrogen gas + vapour pressure of water
Pressure of hydrogen gas = Total pressure - vapour pressure of water
Pressure of hydrogen gas = 636 mmHg - 28.3 mmHg
Pressure of hydrogen gas = 607.7 mmHg
For more information see https://brainly.com/question/14119417
Calculate [H3O+] for pH 1.86. Steps please.
Answers
Answer:
[H₃O⁺] = [H⁺] = 10^-pH = 10⁻¹°⁸⁶ = 0.0138M in [H⁺]
Explanation:
By definition pH = -log[H⁺] => [H⁺] = 10^-pH = 10⁻¹°⁸⁶ = 0.0138M in [H⁺]
Using your calculator ... I am using a TI-30XA scientific calculator.
=> start by entering the number 1.86 => then press the (+/-) function => this will insert a negative symbol => -1.86,=> next find button with "2nd" printed on face (on some calculators the button is in yellow); press this button to change to 'secondary mode',=> find the symbol (10ˣ) ... the button below this symbol is usually the 'log' button, then press it => the answer of interest will show in the display window. => ...Depending on the calculator, the answer may show as 0.0138, or 1.38x10⁻², or 1.38E-2 (=1.38 x 10⁻²). It is the user's job to insert dimensional units into answer of interest => 0.0138M, or 1.38 x 10⁻²M, or 1.38E-2M.
1.38E-2 which is 1.38 x 10⁻².
A solution of the primary standard potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP), KHC8H4O4 , was prepared by dissolving 0.4877 g of KHP in about 50 mL of water. Titration of the KHP solution with a KOH solution of unknown concentration required 38.91 mL to reach a phenolphthalein end point. What is the concentration of the KOH solution
Answers
Answer:
The concentration of KOH is 0.06137 M
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Molar mass of KHP = 204.22 g/mol
Mass of KHP = 0.4877 grams
Volume of water = 50 mL
Volume of KOH solution = 38.91 mL
Step 2: The balanced equation
C8H5KO4 + KOH ⇒ C8H4K2O4+ H2O
Step 3: Calculate number of moles of KHP
Moles = Mass / molar mass
Moles KHP = 0.4877 grams / 204.22 g/mol
Moles KHP = 0.002388 moles
Step 4: Calculate moles of KOH
For 1 mol KHP we need 1 mol KOH to produce 1 mol C8H4K2O4 and 1 mol H2O
For 0.002388 moles KHP we need 0.002388 moles KOH
Step 5: Calculate the concentration of KOH
Concentration = moles / volume
Concentration of KOH = 0.002388 moles / 0.03891 L
Concentration of KOH = 0.06137 M
The concentration of KOH is 0.06137 M
Gaseous methane (CH4) will react with gaseous oxygen (O2) to produce gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) and gaseous water . Suppose 2.73 g of methane is mixed with 6.7 g of oxygen. Calculate the maximum mass of water that could be produced by the chemical reaction. Round your answer to significant digits.
Answers
Answer:
3.8g of H2O are produced
Explanation:
The balanced reaction of the problem is:
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
Where 1 mole of CH4 reacts with 2 moles of O2
To solve this question we need to find, as first, the moles of each reactant in order to find limiting reactant. With limiting reactant we can find the moles of H2O produced and its mass as follows:
Moles CH4 - 16.04g/mol-
2.73g * (1mol/16.04g) = 0.170 moles CH4
Moles O2 -32g/mol-
6.7g (1mol/32g) = 0.209 moles O2
For a complete reaction of 0.170 moles of CH4 are needed:
0.170 moles CH4 * (2 mol O2 / 1mol CH4) = 0.340 moles O2
As there are just 0.209 moles of O2, oxygen is limiting reactant
The moles of water produced are:
0.209 moles O2 * (2mol H2O / 2mol O2) = 0.209 moles H2O
Mass water -Molar mass: 18.01g/mol-
0.209 moles H2O * (18.01g/mol) = 3.8g of H2O are produced
When determining the amount of oxidant present by titration, you can use iodine/starch as an indicator. First, the oxidant, like hypochlorite, oxidizes Choose... When starch and iodine are both present, the solution is Choose... During the titration, a titrant like thiosulfate reduces the
Answers
The question is incomplete, the complete question is;
When determining the amount of an oxidant present by titration, you can use iodine and starch as an indicator.
First, the oxidant, like hypochlorite, oxidizes
Choose...
neutral iodine into iodide ion
iodide ion into neutral iodine
iodate polyatomic ion into iodide ion
When starch and iodine are both present, the solution is
Choose...
blue-black
brownish yellow
clear
During the titration, the titrant, like thiosulfate, reduces the
Choose...
iodide ion into iodate polyatomic ion
neutral iodine into iodide ion
iodide ion into neutral iodine
When the iodine has completely reacted at the endpoint of the titration, the solution should become
Choose...
clear
blue-black
brownish yellow
Answer:
1. iodide ion into neutral iodine
2. blue-black
3. neutral iodine into iodide ion
4. clear
Explanation:
Hypochlorite oxidizes the iodide ion to iodine molecule according to the reaction equation;
ClO-(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2I-(aq) ---------> 6 I2(l) + Cl- (aq)+ H2O(l)
When iodine is added, the colour of the starch solution immediately changes to blue-black.
A reduction reaction occurs when the titrant, thiosulfate is added as follows;
I2 + 2S2O32- → 2I- + S4O62-
The solution at end point is found to become clear again.
11 Explain how you would obtain solid lead carbonate from a mixture of lead carbonate and sodium chloride
Answers
Explanation:
Add water, Na2CO3 dissolves, filter, PbCO3 stays in the paper and dissolved Na2CO3 goes through as the solution. Dry the PbCO3 and you have the dry solid.
OR
Add water to dissolve then filter to obtain PbCo3 as you're residue and Na2Co3 as the filtrate. Dry the insoluble PbCo3 between filter papers and you obtain solid PbCo3
What is normality in chemistry?
Answers
Answer:
a measure of concentration equal to the gram equivalent weight per liter of solution.
Explanation:
Gram equivalent weight is the measure of the reactive capacity of a molecule. The solute's role in the reaction determines the solution's normality. Normality is also known as the equivalent concentration of a solution.
hope it helped
The "Nutrition Facts" on a label of a 16 fluid ounce container of apple juice states that a serving size is 8 fluid ounces contains 176 Calories and 240 milligrams of potassium.
Nutrition Facts
Serving Size 8 fl. oz. (240mL)
Servings Per Container: 2
Amount Per Serving
Calories 176
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 0g 0 %
Sodium 32mg 1 %
Potassium 240mg 6 %
Total Carbohydrate 29g 10 %
Sugars 26g
Protein 0g
a) How many calories would 1 fluid ounce of apple juice contain?
b) How many milligrams of potassium would 1 fluid ounce of apple juice contain?
Answers
Answer:
a) 22 calories
b) 30 mg
Explanation:
Divide number of cal or mg of pot by 8 fl oz.
Choose the correct answer:
1.9 × 103 g
1.9 x 106 g
1.9 x 1010 g
Answers
Answer:
A. 1.9 × 103 g
(next one)
Which metric unit would be the best choice to report the result?
A. kg
Answer:
1. 2
2. 1.9 × 10^3 g
3. kg
Explanation:
2. Write the chemical equation for the reaction NaOH Sodium Hydroxide AgNO3 Silver Nitrate
Answers
Answer:
AgNO3 + NaOH = AgOH + NaNO3.
Explanation:
Balancing Strategies: In this reaction, the products are initially NaNO3 + AgOH. However the AgOH would break down into Ag2O and H2O. This would give us NaNO3 + Ag2O + H2O as our products for the overall reaction.
Balancing Strategies: In this reaction, the products are initially NaNO3 + AgOH. However the AgOH would break down into Ag2O and H2O. This would give us NaNO3 + Ag2O + H2O as our products for the overall reaction.However, the equation balanced here is the initial reaction which produces AgOH and NaNO3.
Which of the following will affect the rate of a chemical reaction?
solution temperature
solution color
solute mass
solution volume
Answers
Answer:
Solution temperature.
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, considering this question about chemical kinetics, it will be possible for us to analyze two perspectives:
1. Molecular: here, we infer that the solution temperature will provide more energy to the molecules in order to undergo more effective crashes which will make more products and therefore, increase the rate constant.
2. Mathematical: by means of the Arrhenius equation, it will be possible to tell that the increase in the temperature of the system, the negative of the exponent present in such equation will increase and therefore turn the rate constant bigger.
In such way, we infer the answer is solution temperature.
Regards!
how many electrons does tin have?
A. 50
B. 68
C. 118
Answers
how many electrons does tin have?
Answer : 2, 8, 18, 18, 4
Therefore, total electrons = 50
2,8,18,18,4
This is the right answer
“Enter the conjugate acids of no2- and no3-“
Answers
Answer:
nitrit,nitrat
Not following hazardous material safety policies and procedures can result in which of
the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. Serious illnesses
b. Injury
c. Death
d. HIPAA violation
Answers
Answer:
A, B, C and D
Explanation:
It can result for all of the choices mentioned.
Not following safety and procedure for handling hazardous material results in illness, death, injury, and HIPAA violation. Thus, all options are correct.
The hazardous material safety policy and measures are the standards set by HIPAA for the safety and precautionary measures that have been followed for reducing personal risk.
The hazardous materials have been chemicals, gases, flammables, and explosives. The inappropriate handling and not following the standard procedure results in illness, injury, death, and HIPAA violation. Thus, all the options are correct.
For more information about the hazardous material, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/3520802
Why is the formation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate a step in which control is likely to be exercised in the glycolytic pathway
Answers
Explain why it is not that because it shown
What is the minimum pressure in kPa that must be applied at 25 °C to obtain pure water by reverse osmosis from water that is 0.690 M in sodium chloride and 0.08 M in zinc sulfate? Assume complete dissociation for electrolytes.
Answers
Answer:
1. Water purification method by reverse osmosis – membrane filtration
2. Method of purifying pure water by filter
3. Demineralization by ion exchange method
3. Demineralization by ion exchange method
Explanation:
