What is a disease?

A. medical condition that stops the body from working normally

B. A disruption in the body

Answer:

A. medical condition that stops the body from working normally

Explanation:

There is an ongoing lively debate among healthcare professionals about whether or not obesity is a disease.

Differences between those who argue that it’s a disease and those who argue that it’s just a risk factor for conditions such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease are unlikely to be resolved any time soon. The debate, however, raises other questions, such as, what exactly is a disease and who gets to decide?

A simple definition of disease is an ‘illness or sickness characterised by specific signs or symptoms’. But it is interesting that some dictionaries suggest that diseases are caused by ‘bacteria or infections’, seemingly dismissing psychological and non-communicable conditions as diseases, which is odd given that non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, make up most ill health in the world today.

Official catalogue of disease

On a global level, diseases are catalogued by international groups of experts for the World Health Organization (WHO). This catalogue, the International Classification of Disease (ICD), is now in its tenth revision (ICD-10). Despite its name, the classification doesn’t stop at diseases but includes related health problems, which may be linked to a particular disease, or may be a symptom as part of a syndrome, or even a consequence of a medical procedure.

For example, even dehydration appears in ICD-10, where it is also called ‘volume depletion’. So perhaps there is not even agreement on what is meant by disease. And what is classified as disease is essentially down to expert consensus.

While the WHO doesn’t seem to have a clear definition of disease, it does at least have a definition of health. It is defined as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’.

The definition of health appears to be broad and inclusive, but defining disease appears to be more challenging than defining its opposite. Few people would disagree that measles, say, is a disease. But what happens when society decides to classify a certain human behaviour or characteristic, which some groups happen to find disturbing, as a disease.

Sin as a source of disease

Examples of classifying characteristics as diseases can be seen throughout human history. Many of these might be grounded in traditional beliefs and views of health, disease and their links to sin.

The development of psychology as a science potentially led some perceived ‘sins’ to be translated into mental health disorders. Perhaps the best example of this is homosexuality. Homosexuality was classified as a mental disorder by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1968. This was later challenged by a vote among APA members in 1973, where a majority of 58% chose to remove it from the diagnostic manual. Homosexuality was not fully removed from the diagnostic manual for another decade and is now considered to be a normal characteristic within the diversity of human nature.

This disturbing episode raises further questions: on what basis and in whose interests are diseases classified?

In 2013, researchers at Bond University in Australia looked at who gets to classify diseases. They found that common diseases often had their definitions widened by expert groups, without considering the potential risks or challenges of increasing the number of people living with disease.

They also noted that experts who widened definitions of diseases often have conflicts of interests in the form of funding from pharmaceutical companies.

On the spectrum

Sometimes, risk factors for a disease – such as high blood pressure – eventually get defined as a disease in their own right. And once these risk factors are reclassified as a disease, their targets or ranges tend to shift over time, increasing the number of people who have the disease. For example, high blood pressure used to be anything over 140/90. But in 2017, the US changed the threshold to 120/80.

Distinguishing a disease from a risk factor is not easy, especially when it comes to chronic diseases, which tend to be a spectrum from health to illness. Blood glucose (sugar) is a clear example as levels move from healthy through pre-diabetes into type 2 diabetes. So spotting where health finishes and disease begins is difficult, to the point that the WHO and International Diabetes Federation suggest there is no such thing as a normal level of blood glucose.

Nevertheless, the definition of gestational diabetes (diabetes in pregnancy) changed in 2014, when the blood glucose threshold was lowered. The change increased the incidence of gestational diabetes by 74% with no improvement in short-term outcomes, such as the mother needing a caesarean section, according to one Australian study.

Many clinicians are critical of this trend, calling it over-medicalisation.

Answer:

A. Medical condition that stops the body from working normally

The uterus is about the size and shape of a :

a
Kiwi
b
Bell Pepper
c
Banana
d
Pear

The U.S. government in the 1940s and 50s made a push to promote the idea of the ___, a
supposedly stable family unit of two married parents and their children

extended family
blended family
homeostatic family
nuclear family

by midlife, half of the ________ in the eyes is/are lost, which in turn leads to a gradual loss of ________.

Height and weight are used to determine your body mass index, which is an estimate of your body composition.
True
Or
False

how can you use your personal choices to exercise more safely? A. not exercising in high-air pollution areas B. limiting exercise in hot climates to the early morning and evening C. using exercise equipment as it was designed to be used D. all of the above Please select the best answer from the choices provided. A B C D Mark this and return

how many minutes should you exercise in your target heart rate zone to benefit your aerobic fitness?

__________ are essential components of any personal training plan.
A.
Intensity and protein
B.
Steroids and rest
C.
Rest and recovery
D.
Overload and fasting



Please select the best answer from the choices provided.


A
B
C
D
Mark this and return

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What is the game category for kin ball? and what are the tactical concepts

with examples?

what does it mean when your cat sleeps on your chest

TRUE or FALSE.
1. A basketball game consists of 5 players on each team.
2. An NBA game consist of 4 quarters, 10 minutes each quarter.
3. A made free throw counts as one point.
4. It is legal for a player to dribble the ball with both hands at the same time.
5. A player can foul out of a game with 6 fouls.
6. A jump ball is used to start a basketball game.
7. Once an offensive team gains control of the basketball, that team has 30 seconds to shot.
8. Basketball was invented in 1891 by James Naismith.
9. An NBA court is 94 by 50 feet.
10. Man to man, 2-3 zone, 1-3-1 zone are “defenses” a team can use in a game.

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5. Which answer choice lists the factors people can control to improve their BMI?

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Bones are not hard all the way through. What is in the middle of your bones?
A. spongy tissue
B. hollow pockets of air
C. blood vessels and muscles

We have traditional hormones, such
as insulin which helps to control
A. immune system
B. blood sugar
C. calcium levels

how many days a week you need to work out to notice a difference

A child sits with his feet flat on the floor. If he slides his feet forward to straighten his legs, which movement is happening in his knees?

flexion

rotation

extension

adduction

Taste disorders may be linked to a problem with the __________ system. A. Olfactory B. Tactile C. Visual D. Perceptual.

An EMS provider license may be suspended or revoked for the following reason:________.
a. Failing to staff each vehicle with appropriately and currently certified personnel
b. Having a license issued by the department
c. Operating the service while the license is active
d. Paying an administrative penalty

People tend to get married earlier today than they did in previous eras.
A.
True

B.
False

Select the four sexually transmitted diseases that can be cured with antibiotic drugs.

Trichomoniasis
AIDS
HPV
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Syphilis
Hepatitis B

which sentence from the open boat would most likely be the easiest to depict in a visual sequence in a film version?

Crops that have had their biology altered through
technology are called...

A. NGO foods
B. Processed foods
C. Fast foods
D. GMO foods

Which statement best explains the relationship between diet and osteoporosis?

How can the highest productivity be achieved?​

these activities require oxygen to be used and burned faster than your body can supply it.

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Probability is used to
Group of answer choices

make presentations effective.

conduct scientific research.

determine the likelihood of an event.

keep the public informed about health issues.