Hydrogen bonds are the type of bond holds together the complementary nucleotides.
The G-C and A-T base pairs form hydrogen bonds that hold the two complementary nucleotide strands of each DNA molecule's double helix together. The genetic data contained in an organism's DNA serves as a repository for all of the protein synthesis instructions that will ever be needed. The two strands are joined together by potent hydrogen bonds. Due to their anti-parallel orientation, the two strands are precisely aligned.
When nucleotides are incorporated into DNA, a covalent binding between the 5′ phosphate group of one nucleotide and the 3′-OH group of another nucleotide is formed. This covalent interaction is known as a phosphodiester bond. In this way, phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate forms the "backbone" of each DNA strand.
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the needs of what nutrition component may be significantly different for athletes in training compared to lightly active individuals in the general population?
Diet of Athletes must include high Calories obtained from carbohydrate sources and water.
Athletes require Energy giving food like carbohydrates more in their diet. Calories are required for performing work and to produce ATP( Adenosine Triphosphate) the main source is Glucose. For an Athlete the ideal diet consists of 60-65% carbohydrates and remaining include fat and proteins. Vigorous physical activity and exercise require more amount of calories.
Water is an important component in the diet of athletes. They should always stay well hydrated and energetic. Athletes should also include an adequate amount of protein in their diet which is essential for metabolism repair and growth of muscles, but the amount of protein must be less compared to a body builder and the major part of the diet should be rich in calories.
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The fact that most compounds of this chemical class with synthesized from the combination of carbon and water accounts for the derivation of the term
The group of chemical substances referred to as carbs(carbohydrates).
What is carbohydrates?Carbohydrates are substances made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. The term "carbohydrates" originates from the fact that the majority of them are produced by mixing carbon and water.
How do you determine it?The group of chemical substances referred to as carbs. The standard formula for carbohydrates is Cx(H2O)y, where x and y are integers. The term "carbohydrates," which combines the words "carbon" and "water," refers to the fact that these compounds are composed of carbon and water in the proportion x:y. For all living things, including animals and plants, carbohydrates are a crucial source of energy. They can be split into three primary categories: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
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What is the theory of evolution through natural selection?.
Because the "fittest" organisms those most adapted to their environment are the ones that reproduce most successfully and are most likely to pass on their qualities to the next generation, natural selection is commonly summarized as "survival of the fittest."
In accordance with this hypothesis, the population consists of a variety of organisms, but only those can adapt to their environment and remain there. An evolutionary mechanism is a natural selection. Environment-adapted organisms have a higher chance of surviving and dispersing the genes that contributed to their success. Over time, this mechanism leads to the evolution and divergence of species. Because some of its claims are supported by facts, natural selection is regarded as a theory. Additionally, it is widely acknowledged by experts around the world and offers a solid justification for how species evolved.
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where does the cellulose wall form in the parent cell
The cellulose that makes up the structure is mostly deposited in the thecal plates. The primary and secondary cell walls typically make up plant cell walls.
After cytokinesis, the primary cell wall is made, while the secondary cell wall is made when differentiation starts and growth stops.
Where is the cellulose wall created?The plant cell wall is made up of microfibrils, which are bundles of polysaccharide that are arranged in microfibrils. Cellulose chains are arranged in microfibrils.
In the parent cell, where does the cell plate originate?Between the two sets of diploid chromosomes in the parent cell, a cell plate is deposited. In anaphase, this begins. The production of this wall from vesicles is controlled by the mitotic spindle, which is located within the phragmoplast.
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How do we transport molecules to and from body cells?
Answer:
Carrier proteins bind specific molecules to be transported on one side of the membrane. They then undergo conformational changes that allow the molecule to pass through the membrane and be released on the other side.
We can transport molecules to and from body cells by the process of diffusion.
Diffusion is a process in which molecules can move into or out of cells. All cells are enclosed by a cell membrane which is selectively permeable. Cells can gain or lose water by osmosis.
Passive and active transport are two ways in which molecules are transported. The passive transport methods are simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion osmosis.
These rely on the natural kinetic energy of molecules. Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). It is a molecule that carries energy within cells.
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A group of damselflies have a mutation that changes the shape of their genitalia and prevents them from mating with
the original population of damselflies.
Question:
Explain how this relates to speciation and influences biodiversity
During mating, the male clasps the female by her neck while she bends her body around to his reproductive organs – this is called a mating wheel.
what is influences biodiversity?
Biodiversity loss is caused by five primary drivers: habitat loss, invasive species, overexploitation (extreme hunting and fishing pressure), pollution, climate change associated with global warming.The main direct cause of biodiversity loss is land use change (primarily for large-scale food production) which drives an estimated 30% of biodiversity decline globally. Second is overexploitation (overfishing, overhunting and overharvesting) for things like food, medicines and timber which drives around 20%.Usually three levels of biodiversity are discussed—genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. Genetic diversity is all the different genes contained in all individual plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms. It occurs within a species as well as between species.To learn more about biodiversity refers to:
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Which of the following are the regulatory protein in the muscle contraction?a. troponin and tropomyosinb. troponin and actinc. myosin and tropomyosind. actin and tropomyosin
Myosin and tropomyosin are the regulatory protein in the muscle contraction.
What is myosin?Myosin is a type of mechanoreceptor protein found in muscle cells. It works as a motor protein and functions to produce force and motion. The protein, when bound to ATP, binds to actin filaments, which then produces a power stroke, allowing for muscle contraction and movement. Myosin is a vital component of the muscle contraction process, allowing for efficient muscle movement, and thus overall body movement. Myosin is also found in other cell types, such as non-muscle cells, and is responsible for other cellular functions, such as cell division and intracellular transport.
Myosin and tropomyosin are two regulatory proteins that work together to control muscle contraction. Myosin is an ATP-dependent motor protein that binds to actin and pulls it, causing the muscle to contract. Tropomyosin is a protein that binds to actin and prevents it from binding to myosin until the muscle is stimulated to contract. Together, myosin and tropomyosin are responsible for controlling muscle contraction.
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The correct option is A)
troponin and tropomyosinb
What is troponin and tropomyosinb?
While troponin and tropomyosin are regulatory proteins that control the relationship between actin and myosin, actin and myosin are the contractile proteins that interact with each other to cause contraction.
Sarcomeres are the structural units of striated muscle that house myofilaments (actin and myosin).
Consequently, the regulating proteins for muscle contraction are troponin and tropomyosin.
In muscle tissue, troponin is located in the groove between actin filaments and is connected to the protein tropomyosin. Tropomyosin obstructs the myosin crossbridge's attachment site in a relaxed muscle, limiting contraction. For contraction to happen, tropomyosin needs to be removed from this attachment.
Therefore, "Troponin and tropomyosin" is the right response.
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Which of the following are the regulatory protein in the muscle contraction?
a. troponin and tropomyosinb.
b.troponin and actinc.
c.myosin and tropomyosind
d.actin and tropomyosin
What are the 4 large scale mutations?.
The four different types of chromosomal mutations are deletions, translocations, duplications, and inversions.
Any chromosome mutation that results in a significant loss of genetic material (Deletion) is almost always deadly. Even while many chromosome mutations do not result in the loss of genetic information, the placement of a gene on a chromosome might affect how it is expressed. In humans, a number of genes can become seriously misaligned, which can obstruct normal foetal development (lethal). Similar to gene mutations, chromosomal mutations can be advantageous, harmful, fatal, or benign. Chromosome mutations are more likely to be damaging or fatal because they impact much larger portions of DNA that may carry hundreds or even thousands of genes.
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What is skepticism?
a new scientific idea
being interested in new or different ideas
a general agreement among scientists about a scientific idea
the understanding that knowledge in a particular area can be uncertain
An attitude of skepticism or a tendency to be skeptical, either generally or with regard to a certain object.
What is skepticism and why is it important?In order to be skeptical, one must refrain from leaping to conclusions when examining a claim or an explanation. In the course of a study, it enables scientists to take into account every scenario and rigorously examine all available data.Doubt, dubiety, mistrust, suspicion, and uncertainty are some typical synonyms for skepticism. While all of these terms refer to a "lack of sureness about someone or something," scepticism denotes a refusal to accept something without concrete proof.A sceptic is someone who thinks that some or all of human knowledge is illogical. Skeptics contend that it is preferable to suspend believing rather than rely on the disputed byproducts of reason because even our finest methods for learning about the universe occasionally fall short of full certainty.To learn more about skepticism refer to:
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Answer:
D
Explanation:
The understanding that knowledge in a particular area can be uncertain
Which one of the following hormones stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver into glucose?
A.Insulin B.Adrenaline C.Glucagon D.Thyroxine
Insulin hormones stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver into glucose.
A. Insulin - a hormone that accelerates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose in the liver.
B. Adrenaline - Hormone that increases the heart rate, blood pressure, expands the lungs' air passageways, enlarges the pupil in the eye (see photo), reroutes blood to the muscles, and changes the body's metabolism to maximize blood glucose levels (primarily for the brain).
C. Glucagon - When the concentration of insulin (and, indirectly, glucose) in the circulation goes too low, the pancreas produces glucagon. Glucagon stimulates the liver to convert glycogen stored in the liver into glucose, which is then released into the circulation. High blood-glucose levels, on the other hand, increase insulin secretion.
D. Thyroxine - It is essential for digestion, heart and muscle function, brain development, and bone preservation.
As a result, 'Insulin' is the right answer.
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What are the most important animals of the food web? Name them and categorize them. At least 15 animals.
The most important animals of the food web can be categorized into several groups:
1. Primary Consumers: These animals are herbivores that eat plants. Examples include rabbits, deer, elephants, and kangaroos.
What are the food web?They includes:
Secondary Consumers: These animals are carnivores that eat herbivores. Examples include lions, snakes, and birds of prey.Tertiary Consumers: These animals are carnivores that eat other carnivores. Examples include crocodiles, sharks and big cats such as tigers and leopards.Lastly, Decomposers: These animals break down dead plant and animal material, and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem. Examples include bacteria, fungi, and insects such as beetles and worms. etc.
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What is the process in which nutrients in dead organisms are returned to the soil?
Answer:
The process of decomposition involves the release of nutrients that support dead organisms back into the soil.
The deep-ea floor ha been conidered a a potential ite for the dipoal of toxic and radioactive wate. What quetion about the biology, geology, and chemitry of the deep-ea environment do you think hould be anwered before uch plan are approved?
Unique life forms are abundant in the ocean's depths. The lack or diminished sun light and the cold climate are what give this place its singularity.
Additionally, the pressure is substantially higher here. The species in this region have undergone extensive evolution and have become used to their surroundings. Studies must be conducted on the geology and the organisms that reside on the deep sea floor. Studying the potential addition of such trash to the local organic matter is necessary.Unique life forms are abundant in the ocean's depths. The lack or diminished sun light and the cold climate are what give this place its singularity. Another issue that needs to be addressed is the stability of the deep sea floor and its capacity to withstand hazardous waste. Studies must be conducted on the geology and the organisms that reside on the deep sea floor.
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what we get wrong about metabolism scientific american
Scientific American explains that much of the confusion surrounding metabolism lies in the fact that people often equate it with weight loss or gain.
What is metabolism?
Metabolism is a vital process in our body, and one that is often misunderstood.
While metabolism does play a role in the body's energy balance, it is much more complex and far-reaching than that. In reality, metabolism is a complex network of biochemical pathways and processes that enable the body to obtain, break down, and use energy from food, as well as turn food into the molecules and structures needed for growth and maintenance.
Metabolism is often misunderstood in other ways as well. For example, people often assume that metabolism is solely controlled by the amount of food they eat and their activity level. While this is true to a certain extent, the body's metabolism is actually regulated by a complex system of hormones and enzymes which interact with one another in order to maintain homeostasis and energy balance. This is why diet and exercise alone are not always enough to control metabolism; hormones and enzymes must be taken into account.
Finally, another misconception about metabolism is that it is an "all-or-nothing" system. In reality, metabolism is an intricate and highly regulated network of processes that can be altered by factors such as stress, environment, and genetics. As such, it is important to understand and respect the complexities of metabolism in order to maintain optimal health and wellbeing.
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which of these would be an effect of an excess of thyroid hormones?
The correct option is A ; Would release less TRH. To produce T4 and T3, your thyroid need proper levels of iodine, which is obtained through meals. A feedback loop regulates this hormone chain reaction, so that as T3 and T4 levels rise, they limit TRH release (and thus TSH).
Hyperthyroidism, also known as overactive thyroid, is a disorder in which your thyroid produces and releases excessive amounts of thyroid hormone. This disorder can cause your metabolism to accelerate. Hyperthyroidism symptoms include a quick heartbeat, weight loss, increased appetite, and anxiety. Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces an excessive amount of thyroid hormone. This disorder is also known as hyperactive thyroid. Hyperthyroidism causes the body's metabolism to accelerate.
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Full Question ;
Which of these would be an effect of an excess of thyroid hormones?
The thyroid would swell and produce a goiter.
More thyroid hormone would be produced.
A would release less TRH.
B would release more TSH.
A. xylem
C. leaves
If it rains and the roots of
a plant absorbs the
water, what vascular
tissue will carry the water
up the plant?
D. phloem
D. tree trunk
Answer: A. Xylem
Explanation: Xylem is the type of vascular tissue carries water up through the plant.
What causes genes to turn on or off?.
Gene regulatory protein causes genes to turn on or off. And this process is known as gene regulation.
A cell has hundreds of genes, and gene regulatory proteins select which of those genes will be transcribed by recognizing small segments of double-helical DNA with specific sequences. In a wide range of organisms, thousands of gene regulatory proteins have been found. Individual genes within an organism can be specifically turned on or off because of gene regulatory proteins. And this process is known as gene regulation.
The kinds of gene regulatory proteins that are found in different cell types regulate the patterns of gene expression that give each type of cell its unique characteristics. In eucaryotic cells, nearly every gene is controlled differently.
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What type of lens correct near-sightedness? (Myopia)
A. Converging (convex)
B. Converging (concave)
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Some plants have leaves that are poisonous to some animals. Which kind of adaptation is this? Survival
reproduction
respiration
defense
Defense is an adaptation process in which certain plants develop leaves that are harmful to certain animals.
Poisonous plants include herbs, flowers, shrubs, or fruits that are poisonous enough to injure humans, dogs, cats, and other animals.
Plants' defensive systems are diverse, including physical adaptations such as thorns and the manufacture of chemical compounds that can hinder predator eating and some with antibacterial properties.
Throughout evolution, all species have been attacked by viruses, bacteria, and fungus; they are also ingested as a source of nutrition by certain herbivorous animals and vertebrates.
Plants have developed a variety of defensive mechanisms in reaction to external influences that impede their natural growth, ranging from anatomical adaptations to chemical defense.
Plants generate a wide range of chemical molecules as defense. Some restrict the activity of pathogens and prevent their attack, while others induce negative consequences at various degrees, such as discomfort on touch, nausea, or gastrointestinal issues.
Saponins, phenolic compounds that include phenolic acids, and complex polymers such as tannins and lignin are among the chemicals that might have pharmacological and toxicological effects in animals.
As a result, we may assume that plants have evolved diverse defense systems, such as chemical defense, in which certain plants have deadly leaves to certain animals.
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What part of the inner ear is involved in hearing?
The part of the inner ear that is involved in hearing is the cochlea.
The cochlea is a spiral-shaped organ located in the inner ear that converts sound waves into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. The cochlea is filled with fluid and lined with hair cells, which are specialized sensory cells that detect sound waves. The hair cells are arranged in a spiral pattern along the length of the cochlea, with the hair cells at the base of the cochlea responding to low-frequency sounds and those at the apex responding to high-frequency sounds.
When sound waves enter the ear and reach the cochlea, they cause the fluid inside the cochlea to move, which in turn causes the hair cells to bend. This bending causes the hair cells to release chemical signals, called neurotransmitters, which then travel to the brain via the auditory nerve. The brain interprets these signals as sound.
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Which diagram below demonstrated balanced forces?
The last image showing tug of war between two teams with equal force of 300N is an example of balanced force. Thus, the correct option is D.
What is Balanced force?Balanced forces are those forces which are opposite in direction and equal in size and strength. Balanced forces are considered to be in a state of equilibrium. Hence, when forces are balanced there is no change in the direction.
When two forces are of the same strength but act in opposite direction, they are called balanced forces. The tug-of-war is a perfect example of balanced force. If the people on each side of the rope are pulling with the same strength that is 300N, however in the opposite direction, the forces are balanced. The result is no motion.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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The moderator band is a cord like structure found in the right ventricle. It contains portions of the cardiac conduction system that help convey the electrical message for the ventricles to contract. It works as a shortcut within the cardiac conduction system.
The given statement is False.The moderator band is a cord like structure found in the right ventricle.
It contains portions of the cardiac conduction system that help convey the electrical message for the ventricles to contract. It works as a shortcut within the cardiac conduction system. moderator band is also known as Septomarginal trabecula in the right ventricle of the heart, is a band of cardiac muscle. Sheep and a few other animals have noticeable markings. It reaches the ventricular septum from the anterior papillary muscle's base.The moderator band is significant because it connects the anterior papillary muscle to a portion of the right bundle branch of the atrioventricular bundle of the conduction system of the heart. [1] The anterior papillary muscle can be coordinatedly contracted thanks to the shortcut through the ventricular chamber that guarantees identical conduction times in the left and right ventricles.
compete question:(T/F)The moderator band is found in both the left and right sides of the heart.
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in which organ does most nutrient absorption occur?
The majority of the nutrients in your meal are absorbed in the small intestine, and your circulatory system then transports those nutrients to other parts of your body for storage or utilisation.
Little intestine. To finish the digestion of proteins, carbs, and lipids, your small intestine produces digestive juice, which combines with bile and pancreatic juice. Some of the enzymes required to break down carbs are produced by bacteria in the small intestine. To assist with food digestion, your small intestine transports water from your bloodstream into your GI tract. Water is absorbed along with other nutrients in your small intestine. big intestine. More water enters the bloodstream in the large intestine from the GI tract. The bacteria in the large intestine assist in nutrition breakdown and vitamin K production.
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which types of glial cells are found in the central nervous system?-astrocytes-microglial cells-ependymal cells-oligodendrocytes
There are three types of glial cells in mature central nervous system: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglial cells
what are oligodendrocytes?
Oligodendrocytes are myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS). They are the end product of a cell lineage which has to undergo a complex and precisely timed program of proliferation, migration, differentiation, and myelination to finally produce the insulating sheath of axons.
In central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes assemble myelin, a multilayered sheath of membrane, spirally wrapped around axonal segments and best known for its role in enabling fast saltatory impulse propagation
Oligodendrocytes or oligodendroglia, are type of neuroglia whose main functions are to provide support and insulation to axons in the central nervous system of jawed vertebrates, equivalent to the function performed by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.
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what role does density separation play in the sullivan mine ?
Answer:
Density separation is used in the Sullivan Mine to separate different minerals based on their density. This process is done by taking advantage of the differences in specific gravity between the minerals. This process, also known as gravity separation, is used to separate the lighter, less dense minerals from the heavier, denser minerals. This method of separation is used to increase efficiency and reduce waste.
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what is the structure on a beluga’s forehead called?
Blowhole. A muscular flap covers a single blowhole on the dorsal surface of the head. A watertight seal is provided by the flap. The blowhole of a beluga whale lets the animal breathe.
What is the beluga's head called?melon The bulbous structure, which is known as a "melon," is located just in front of the whale's blowhole. These whales use their melons to direct the sounds they make while speaking through their noses. Belugas focus sounds in specific directions by wriggling their melons.
Why are beluga whales known to have large foreheads?They also have a forehead feature known as a "melon" that is thought to aid in communication and echolocation. Spouting air through the sinuses gives a beluga's melon the ability to change shape.
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Do you guys Know the answers for these
The answers include the following:
In other to maintain a high level of performance, the type of food which athlete should eat right before a race is the one which is high in starch as it provides the required energy needed for the activity.Performing exercises will help an athlete increase cellular respiration.What is Exercise?This is referred to as a type of physical activity which helps to keep an individual fit and improve the general well being of an individual.
When exercises are done, the body demands more energy and the cells demand more oxygen which helps in the release of the energy in the body.
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Explain why tree root in upland foret are deeper than thoe in other foret, uch a bottomland foret. (pg. 2)
Similar to how a buttress on a fort would support the fort's walls, the tree's "above-ground" roots aid in stabilising and supporting it.
Why do trees have long and deep roots?Tree roots must be deep enough to stay moist and out of the sun, but they must also be shallow enough to take in enough oxygen.Plants are often adaptive, and those with deeper roots will benefit more. The depths of tree and plant roots vary with the temperature, soil, and water conditions, including groundwater levels and rainwater infiltration.Tree roots frequently develop close to the earth surface in order to access the nutrients they require to flourish because the soil in many rainforests might be deficient.The spread-out roots of trees allow them to absorb water and minerals from the soil. These anchor the plant firmly in the soil and are necessary for plants to grow.To learn more about roots refer to:
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What is ozone comprised of in the lower atmosphere? Please answer i am giving 30 points
Although it is incomplete, the fossil record provides scientists with a great deal of information about species that have lived on Earth throughout its history. Which of the following statements does the fossil record support?
A. Dinosaurs are the only types of organisms that have become extinct.
B. Earth’s organisms have remained unchanged throughout its history.
C. Not all species that are alive today were alive in the past.
D. All organisms that have ever existed on Earth continue to live on Earth today.
Please answer why you chose this answer
The statement C. Not all species that are alive today were alive in the past is supported by the fossil record.
What is the fossil record on the earth's planet?The fossil record on the earth's planet makes reference to traces or remains of once living organisms such as dead plants and animals, which may be used to trace the evolutionary history of species.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the fossil record on the earth's planet can be used to understand how organisms evolved or changed to adapt to the enviroment.
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