Answer:
An increase in the price of domestic or imported inputs (such as oil or raw materials) pushes up production costs. As firms are faced with higher costs of producing each unit of output they tend to produce a lower level of output and raise the prices of their goods and services.
Answer:
cost-push infation
Explanation:
Portraiture has evolved through various forms since it began in ancient times. What are the two earliest examples of portraiture that humans have created and preserved?
Paintings of members of
and the portraiture of
are some of the earliest examples of portraiture that humans have created and preserved over the centuries.
Answer:
Some of the earliest expressions of portraiture include ancient Egyptian tonal portraits, painted on the lids of mummy cases, and the life-size sculptural busts or death masks made in ancient Rome. Both examples describe an enduring set of ideas central to the genre: to memorialise a subject and to capture a likeness.
which of the following was not a motivation for european exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries? question 1 options: the desire for wealth ottoman control of the silk road a spirit of curiosity rediscovery of greco-roman culture
Ottoman authority over the Silk Road and a spirit of curiosity go hand in hand. restoration of Greek and Roman culture
What is an Ottoman called?When referring to regular governors appointed by the Ottoman sultan, the term "beylerbey" is used, whereas in the context of Ottoman Egypt, the term "kaymakam" denotes an acting governor who presided over the province between the departure of the outgoing governor and the arrival of the new governor.Ottoman footstools are frequently offered for sale with armchairs, sofas, or gliders as complementary pieces of furniture. In addition to these names, this item of furniture may also be referred to as a footstool, tuffet, hassock, pouf (sometimes written poufs), dumpty in Shropshire, England, or a humpty in New Zealand and Newfoundland. An ottoman can be purchased with or without storage, whereas a hassock is merely a footrest.To learn more about Ottoman refer to:
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(APUSH) When was Henry Clay’s proposal rejected and what was the aftermath?
Explanation:
(APUSH) it was rejected 0n 1820 AD
what are three reasons presidents have historically won their battles over war powers with congress?
Answer:
To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water
In your own words, explain what did Elizabeth Blackwell do to change American history?
Think of a world where some vocations were strictly handled by men. Only men could practice medicine, labor in construction, or be farmers. It used to be this way, until Elizabeth Blackwell made a difference.
She graduated from medical school and became the first female doctor in America . Elizabeth overcome challenges, found inspiration, and altered the course of history.
For women everywhere, she created a plethora of new opportunities. She was responsible for medical schools accepting more women. She assisted women in achieving goals that were previously deemed unattainable.
To become a doctor, she had to overcome numerous challenges. Her dying companion served as an inspiration for her, and she altered the course of history.
Elizabeth seized the opportunity to live an extraordinary life. She made the decision to speak up and fight for women's rights. The world needs Elizabeth Blackwell's example. She will forever be recognized for her incredible perseverance and courage.
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Who thought the LA purchase was a good idea, and why?
Who thought the LA purchase was a bad idea, and why?
Answer:
How did the Louisiana Purchase transform America's understanding of itself?
What was the impact of the Louisiana Purchase? The Louisiana Purchase eventually doubled the size of the United States, greatly strengthened the country materially and strategically, provided a powerful impetus to westward expansion, and confirmed the doctrine of implied powers of the federal Constitution.
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what did the nile leave behind when it flooded? responses loess loess sand sand rich soil rich soil large rocks
The Nile River flooded every year, leaving behind a rich, black silt that fertilized the soil.
What happens when Nile river floods?Since of annual flooding that deposits silt, the Nile's banks all along its vast length contain rich soil as well.When the floods receded, they left thick, rich mud (black silt) that was excellent for planting seeds after it had been ploughed. Only in the mud left behind when the Nile flooded could the ancient Egyptians grow crops. As a result, they all had fields along the Nile.Egypt is known as the "Gift of the Nile" because the Nile is the country's lifeline. Egypt would have become a desert without the Nile. Historically, the Nile has provided water for crop cultivation in Egypt, resulting in the growth of many civilizations along the river valley.To learn more about Nile refer to :
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Name 1 part of the President’s job that is listed in the Constitution that George Washington did not mark in his copy.
One part of the President's job that is listed in the Constitution that George Washington did not mark in his copy is the power to veto legislation passed by Congress. This power is granted to the President in Article I, Section 7 of the Constitution.
Who was George Washington?George Washington was the first President of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. He played a key role in the American Revolution, leading the Continental Army to victory over the British. He also played a major role in the drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution. He is often referred to as the "Father of his country."
In conclusion, despite the provision of the power to veto legislations passed by congress as granted to the President in Article I, Section 7 of the Constitution, it was not exercised by George Washington during his time in office.
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one thousand five hundred soldiers of the 6th pennsylvania regiment under general anthony wayne's command rebel against the continental army's winter camp in morristown, new jersey in the pennsylvania line mutiny of 1781. T/F
The correct answer is True. one thousand five hundred soldiers of the 6th pennsylvania regiment under general anthony wayne's command rebel against the continental army's.
They rebelled in ways that were typical of the wider War of Independence. Similar to the rebels' struggle with England over the alleged violation of their English rights, the soldiers' complaints were based on a violation of their actual recruitment contracts with the Pennsylvania government. The Confederate Congress finally left Philadelphia and established a federal district to serve as the country's capital as a result of the mutiny and the Executive Council of Pennsylvania's failure to put an end to it. The victorious storming of the British fort at Stony Point, New York, was his most brilliant act of the war (July 16, 1779).
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What were Alexander Hamilton's suggestions to impose new taxes increased his unpopularity
Alexander Hamilton's suggestions to impose new taxes increased his unpopularity among state governments of financial responsibilities towards the state.
What is Tax?A tax is referred to a certain amount that is collected by the government of any country from its citizens which is later on used in the development process of the country including building hospitals, roads and maintaining transportation, and so on.
Hamilton played a significant role in the Federalist movement and participated in the American Revolution. The goal of Alexander Hamilton's projects was to increase the government's financial competence.
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which of the following most contributed to slaveholders such as calhoun arguing in the 1830s and 1840s that slavery should be viewed as part of the southern way of life? responses slave rebellions in haiti, south carolina, and virginia had made many leaders in the south fear that enslaved african americans could harm them. slave rebellions in haiti, south carolina, and virginia had made many leaders in the south fear that enslaved african americans could harm them. abolitionists made up a majority of members of congress in the 1840s, and southerners feared that they would pass emancipation legislation. abolitionists made up a majority of members of congress in the 1840s, and southerners feared that they would pass emancipation legislation. most southern states had begun to allow slaves to learn to read and write, and southerners wanted people in other states to know that the slave system was changing. most southern states had begun to allow slaves to learn to read and write, and southerners wanted people in other states to know that the slave system was changing. the sudden growth of southern manufacturing had created a new demand for cotton, so men like calhoun saw the preservation of slave labor as critical.
Slave rebellions in Haiti, South Carolina, and Virginia had caused many southern leaders to fear that enslaved African Americans might harm them.
An armed insurrection by people who are enslaved as a means to gain their freedom is known as a slave rebellion.Almost all societies that currently use slavery or have seen slave rebellions in the past. The greatest inspiration for song,art, and culture among the enslaved population is often the desire for freedom and the hope of a successful insurrection. But slave owners frequently reject and violently repress many of the facts.and repress a lot of the occurrences.Black and white abolitionists in the first half of the 19th century launched a biracial assault on slavery. Their efforts accentuated the gap that existed.The Emancipation Proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment brought about by the Civil War were important milestones in the long process to end legal slavery.The great paradoxes of American history just a decade earlier,the congressional seats held by these African Americans were held by slave owners from the South.
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The ability of the French colonial government in Algeria to establish schools for the native Algerian population can best be seen as part of which of the following broader developments in European colonialism in the late nineteenth century?answer choicesSome European states established trading-post empiresSome European states strengthened their control over their existing coloniesSome European states faced native resistance to their colonization effortsSome European states used Social Darwinism to justify their military subjugation
Some European nations improved their hold over their occupied colonies.
What is the schools system in Algerian?The required ten-year schooling period is part of Algeria's educational system. After one year of early education, kids typically attend primary school for five years, from the ages of six to 11, then middle (or lower-secondary) school for the next four years, until the ages of 15 and 16. From the age of six through the ensuing nine years of primary and lower secondary school, all Algerian students have access to free and compulsory education. Even still, a significant proportion of kids continue to skip school, and girls are particularly at risk. Arabic is the primary academic language. Six hours make up an average school day.According to the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, Algeria has 24 universities. Ferhat Abbas Serif University 1 is the top-ranked institution of higher learning in Algeria.To learn more about schools in Algerian refer to:
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which of the following statements does not characterize american slavery and cotton agriculture between 1790 and 1830?
Between 1790 and 1830, cotton farming In Maryland, the number of slaves nearly doubled.
What is an American farming?America's farmers are unsung heroes who stake every last dollar on their own two hands, battle Mother Nature every day, and work backbreaking shifts of over 20 hours on hazardous machinery.Cash grains are made up of rice, dry edible beans, peas, and beans, as well as corn, soybeans, and other grains (wheat, oats, barley, and sorghum). Tobacco. Cotton. Other field crops include peanuts, potatoes, sunflowers, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, broomcorn, popcorn, sugar beets, mint, hops, seed crops, hay, silage, fodder, etc. Sugarcane is one of the most common field crops.$164.7 billion of this total—or around 0.7% of the U.S. GDP—came from the output of American farmers. Due to the dependence of industries associated to agriculture on agricultural inputs in order to add value to the economy, agriculture's overall contribution to GDP is greater than 0.7 percent.To learn more about American farming refer to:
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which of the following personnel is a member of both the president's cabinet and the national security council? secretary of defense.
The Secretary of Defense serves on the president's cabinet as well as the National Security Council.
What is National Security Council?The National Security Council is the President's primary forum for discussing national security and foreign policy with his or her senior national security advisors and cabinet officials, as well as the President's primary arm for coordinating these policies across federal agencies.The National Security Act of July 26, 1947, established the National Security Council, chaired by the President and comprised of the Secretaries of State and Defense, to coordinate foreign and defense policy and reconcile diplomatic and military commitments and requirements.The Council itself was made up of the statutory members, including the President, Vice President, Secretaries of State and Defense, as well as the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.To learn more about national security council refer to :
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How had expansion hurt the United States militarily and economically? Provide historical detail.
Answer:
The expansion of the United States in the 19th century, through policies such as Manifest Destiny and the annexation of territories, had negative consequences for the country both militarily and economically. The acquisition of new territories, such as the Mexican-American War, resulted in military conflicts and the displacement of indigenous populations. Additionally, the expansion led to economic issues, as the country struggled to integrate and govern the new territories, particularly in the case of slavery in the newly acquired territories which ultimately led to the civil war.
in the early ninetenth century,americans sought to resolve their political disputes through compromise, yet by 1860 this no longer seemed possible. analyze the reasosns for this change
In the early nineteenth century, Americans sought to resolve their political disputes through compromise. This was largely due to the fact that the country was still relatively new and unified, and there was a sense of shared national identity and purpose.
However, by the late 1850s, this approach no longer seemed possible, and the country was on the brink of civil war.One reason was the rise of sectionalism, or the increasing identification of people with the interests of their specific region, rather than the country as a whole. This led to a lack of trust and cooperation between different regions, making it harder for political leaders to find common ground and reach compromise.Additionally, the admission of new states and territories to the union, and the question of whether they should be free or slave states, further exacerbated the tension between the North and the South and made compromise more difficult.In conclusion, the reasons for the change in the approach towards resolving political disputes from compromise to division in the late 1850s were mainly due to the growing divide over slavery and the increasing sectionalism, making it harder for political leaders to find common ground and reach compromise.
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nathanael greene was an important figure in the revolutionary war. select the statement that correctly identifies him.
I realized that if I divided my troops, I could defeat the British army" is the statement that correctly identifies Nathanael greene.
Marion eventually became Greene's most dependable officer as the two of them became closer and the conflict turned into a containment operation. One of the first practitioners of contemporary guerrilla warfare was general brigadier Francis Marion, sometimes known as the "Swamp Fox."
The Patriot, a Mel Gibson movie, was motivated by Marion's military prowess. Marion, a native of Georgetown, was widely renowned for his extraordinary capacity to outwit and avoid British soldiers. During the Revolutionary War (1775–83), Nathanael Greene was a renowned general and an expert military tactician. He oversaw a successful campaign that brought an end to British rule over the South in his capacity as commander of the Continental Army's Southern Department.
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Leontief questioned the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory based on his assumption that the US would be an exporter of _____.
Leontief questioned the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory based on his assumption that the US would be an exporter of refined etroleum, Cars, Integrated Circuits, Crude Petroleum, Petroleum Gas mostly to Canada, Mexico, China, Germany and Japan.
The Heckscher-Ohlin theory of international trade focuses on factors of production when country chooses to export. An export defined as a goods which made in the domestic nation and sold to a buyer in a foreign nation. The right statement on Heckscher-Ohlin theorem is that empirical evidence of good job of predicting the pattern of trade between developed and developing countries.
The Heckscher-Ohlin theory explained that how a nation should trade and operate when resources are imbalanced throughout the world and also evaluates the equilibrium of trade between two countries that have varying natural resources and specialties.
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which of the following changes brought about by the renaissance did not contribute to the start of the scientific revolution? (1 point) the rise of vernacular italian in italy the development of new painting techniques the rediscovery of greek writings the rise of individualism in europe
Option (a), The beginning of the scientific revolution was not influenced by the renaissance's transformations, which included the growth of vernacular Italian in Italy.
What impact did the Renaissance have on the development of regional languages in Europe?The moveable type printing press that Johannes Gutenberg created in the 1450s encouraged authors to write in their native tongues rather than the ancient languages of Greek or Latin, enlarging the reading population and promoting the spread of Renaissance ideals.
How did the Italian Renaissance impact society?Italian Renaissance art has had the biggest impact on history of any art movement. Artists have long drawn inspiration from the past, which is regarded as a "golden age" of literature, music, and art, with well-known works by master artisans like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci serving as muses.
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Why were President Grant's actions significant? What did he believe was a government's responsibilities in response to political violence in a democracy?
Please help me!
Answer:
President Grant's actions were significant because they represented a strong effort by the federal government to address and combat political violence in the aftermath of the Civil War. President Grant believed that the government has a responsibility to respond to political violence in a democracy by taking firm and decisive action to protect the rights of all citizens and uphold the rule of law. He believed that the government has an obligation to use its power and resources to ensure that all individuals have an equal opportunity to exercise their rights and participate in the democratic process without fear of violence or intimidation.
"There is, at present, no danger of another insurrection against the authority of the US on a larger scale, and the people are willing to reconstruct their State governments, and to send their senators and representatives to congress. Bus as to the moral value of these results, we must not indulge in any delusions... There is, as yet, among the southern people an utter absence of national feeling...
"Aside from the assumption that the Negro will not work without physical compulsion, there appears to be another popular notion... that the negro exists for the special object of raising cotton, rice, and sugar for the whites, and that it is illegitimate for him to indulge, like other people, in the pursuit of his own happiness in his own way."
-Republican Carl Schurz, Report on the Condition of the South, 1865
Schurz's analysis most directly illustrated the debates about which of the following issues in the south?
a. The industrialization of the South
b. The issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation
c. The process of readmitting Confederate states
d. The extent of federal legislative power
The post-American Civil War period is known as reconstruction. Given the Confederacy's defeat in the Civil War, the question of how the Union would view these rebellious states arose present.
The question of whether or not the rebelling states were ever an independent nation created substantial difficulties in determining this process present. These states would need to seek for statehood, have a state-approved constitution, and other requirements if they were to be included in an independent sovereign nation. Carl Schurz's report was inspired by the plight of African Americans in the South. The South was rebuilt during the Reconstruction era, and Blacks were eventually set free from slavery. However, they did not have enough money to continue living. Therefore, they teamed up with the White. owners of land for sharecropping. In exchange for clothing, food, and other necessities, they labored on the farms of the landowners. Negroes were forced into debt slavery by white people. Since the white people only gave them back in small amounts after using them to crop in order to increase their income.
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Before 1500, the Italian Renaissance had little influence outside Italy. However, ideas eventually spread around Europe. This became known as the Northern Renaissance and influenced life in Germany, England, and other areas of Europe. Write characteristics that apply to each area of the Renaissance and then some that apply to both. Think about artists, writers, patrons, styles, important works, etc
Before 1500, the Italian Renaissance had little influence outside Italy, a detailed characteristic is shown below
What is Renaissance?Italian Renaissance (1400-1600):
Focus on classical ideals and humanismEmphasis on the individual and individualismDevelopment of the "Renaissance man" (a person with many talents and interests)Patronage by wealthy Italian families, such as the MediciFamous artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, RaphaelStyles include realism and naturalismImportant works include the Mona Lisa, David, and the Sistine Chapel ceilingNorthern Renaissance (1400-1600):
Focus on religious reform and the revival of northern European artEmphasis on the use of oil paint and the development of landscape paintingPatronage by wealthy merchants and rulers, such as the HabsburgsFamous artists include Jan van Eyck, Albrecht Dürer, and Hans Holbein the YoungerStyles include Northern Gothic and Renaissance stylesImportant works include The Arnolfini Portrait, The Four Apostles, and The Dance of DeathBoth:
Spread of knowledge and ideas through humanism and the printing pressAn increased focus on the natural world and the study of the human bodyA renewed interest in classical literature and artDevelopment of new techniques and styles in art and architectureThe emergence of a new class of patrons, including merchants and rulers, who supported artists and writers.Read more about Renaissance
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What helped Darius 1 effectively rule the Persian empire
Answer:
His policies and building projects helped fortify his vast empire and enhance trade throughout.
Explanation:
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Answer:
Darius I, also known as Darius the Great, was an effective ruler of the Persian Empire due to several factors:
Military conquests: Darius expanded the Persian Empire through military conquests, which helped to solidify his rule and increase the wealth and power of the empire. He led successful campaigns against the Scythians, the Greeks, and the Egyptians, among others.Administrative reforms: Darius implemented a number of administrative reforms that helped to centralize power and increase the efficiency of the empire. He divided the empire into provinces, each with its own governor and set of officials, which helped to improve communication and coordination between different regions.Road and canal building: Darius ordered the construction of a network of roads and canals throughout the empire, which helped to improve communication and transportation. This allowed for better trade, administration and military maneuvers.Legal reform: Darius also created a new legal system, which helped to standardize laws and regulations throughout the empire. This helped to reduce corruption and increase the sense of justice among the people.Religion: Darius was a follower of Zoroastrianism, the religion of the Persian Empire, which helped him to gain the support of the Persian people. He also promoted religious tolerance, allowing different regions to keep their own religious practices.Tolerance and respect for conquered cultures: Darius was known for his tolerance of the cultures of the peoples he conquered, and also respected the governance structures of the conquered territories, which helped him to gain the support of the conquered peoples and maintain stability in the empire.In summary, Darius I effectively ruled the Persian Empire through a combination of military conquests, administrative reforms, infrastructure development, legal reform, religious tolerance, and respect for the cultures of conquered peoples.
Why does Germany invade and occupy Greece in 1941?
Answer choices:
1.So that Germans could more easily get access to Turkey.
2. To give Germans control over the Greek merchant fleet.
3. To deny the British an anti-German ally in southeastern Europe.
Germany invaded and occupy Greece in 1941 in order to give Germans control over the Greek merchant fleet. The Option 2 is correct.
What was the purpose of the German invasion of Greece?On April 6, 1941, the German Army launched an attack on Yugoslavia and Greece, aided by Hungarian and Bulgarian forces. Hitler launched the attack in order to destabilize Yugoslavia's newly established pro-Allied government and to support the stalled Italian invasion of Greece (launched in October 1940).
The operation would secure Germany's Balkan flank for the planned Soviet Union invasion in spring 1941, as well as protect its Romanian oil supplies from possible Allied air attack. Possession of the southern Balkans, which gave Germany command of the eastern Mediterranean, would also allow Germany to attack British communication lines with the East.
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which of the following statements about the role of african americans in southern politics is correct?
The claim that Black military veterans made up the core of the first generation of African American political leaders in the postwar South is accurate in terms of their involvement in southern politics.
During Reconstruction, about 2,000 African American husbands dressed in governmental commission. Hundreds of blacks grasped local commissions in the South, an additional 600 were chosen to state legislatures, and 16 dressed in Congress. To take these posts, they frequently had to win elections annoyed by intensity and deception.
African Americans recorded to vote and operate for commission, two together in local buildings, as mayors and councilmen, state legislatures, and the civil Congress. Many of these sons were pros the ones who had resisted the Union company. During the first two ages of Reconstruction, Black families systematized Equal Rights Leagues during the whole of the South and grasped state and local conferences to protest prejudicial situations and demand petitions, in addition, to balance before the regulation.
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How did the structure of government differ between Athens and Sparta ?
Answer:
Sparta was ruled by two kings, who ruled until they died or were forced out of office. Athens was ruled by archons, who were elected annually. Thus, because both parts of Athens' government had leaders who were elected, Athens is said to have been the birthplace of democracy.
Explanation:
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Which of the following best describes an accurate comparison of the relationship between sailing vessels and steamships in the late nineteenth century that is supported by the data in the table?
A. The total number of sailing vessels in North America was less than the total number of steamships in Europe
B. The total number of sailing vessels in all regions still greatly surpassed the total number of steamships in all regions
C. The total number of sailing vessels in all regions was declining in relationship in the total number of steamships in all regions
D. The total number of sailing vessels in Asia was less than half the total number of steamships in North America
C. The total number of sailing vessels in all regions was declining in relationship in the total number of steamships in all regions
The comparison of the relationship between sailing vessels and steamships in the late nineteenth century that is supported by the data in the table is that the total number of sailing vessels in all regions was declining in relationship in the total number of steamships in all regions. Steamships began to replace sailing vessels as the dominant mode of transport in the late 19th century. The efficiency and speed of steamships made them more appealing to shipping companies and traders, as they could travel faster and more reliably than sailing vessels. This led to a decline in the number of sailing vessels in use, while the number of steamships continued to increase.
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Select the correct response from the drop-down menu.
Russia lost power in the early 1900s due to?:
a. Unrest among the population
b. Industry growing to quickly
c. The Green Revolution
d. Increased Industrial Pollution
Option A. Unrest among the population, the persistent demonstrations and unrest among the lower classes who were angry with the leadership contributed significantly to the Russian empire's precipitous decline in the early 1900s.
People at the time were fed up with Tsar Nicholas II's autocracy, government corruption, oppression of the lower classes, widespread inflation, and food shortages (primarily as a result of Russia's participation in the Crimean War and World War I); they were also enraged by the subpar living conditions for a new class of Russian industrial workers and by Bloody Sunday (January 9, 1905), when troops opened fire on a peaceful crowd calling for the establishment of a republic. All of these elements contributed to significant societal upheavals that sparked the Russian Revolution of 1917, which resulted in the fall of the Russian government.
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why was the question of separate representative so important?
The question of separate representation was an important issue in South Africa during the early 20th century, as it pertained to the rights and representation of different racial groups in the country.
At the time, the country was ruled by a white minority government, which enforced discriminatory policies and laws that marginalized non-white populations, particularly Black South Africans. Separate representation was seen as a way to give non-white groups their own political representation, rather than being included under the white minority government. This could have ensured that their voices and concerns were heard and addressed in government, rather than being ignored or suppressed.
Separate representation was also a key demand of the African National Congress (ANC) and other anti-apartheid organizations, which sought to challenge the system of racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa. They believed that separate representation was necessary for achieving political and economic equality for all South Africans.
In 1948, the National Party, a white supremacist party came to power and implemented a system of Apartheid, in which racial segregation was institutionalized, and the rights of the non-white population were further restricted. The system of apartheid was a major obstacle to achieving separate representation for the non-white population in South Africa. The fight against apartheid and the demand for separate representation were central to the anti-apartheid movement, which eventually led to the end of the system in the 1990s.
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which of the following does not represent a group that participated signicifantly in westward expansion after 1870
Former Southern slave holders seeking land and new financial opportunities not represent a group that participated signicifantly in westward expansion after 1870.
In mid of 19th centuries United States was impacted by westward expansion before the arrival of European colonists, this territorial movement appeared as the most of the Native American peoples who lived in those lands for thousands years.
The main people in the westward expansion after 1870 were James Madison, Thomas Jefferson and Westward Expansion. President Thomas Jefferson spearheaded westward expansion when the United States acquired the Louisiana territory from France in 1803 that sponsored Clark's & Lewis expedition.
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