Blood is transported to and from the lungs during pulmonary circulation, where it comes into contact with the lungs' oxygen-exchange surfaces.
Why is the pulmonary circuit bypassed in the fetus?By way of this hole, oxygen-rich blood can pass from the right atrium to the left atrium, the left ventricle, and finally the aorta. As a result, the brain receives the blood that has the greatest oxygen.
The ductus arteriosus is used to divert blood from the pulmonary artery into the aorta, largely avoiding the lungs, because the lungs have a significant blood flow resistance.
The foramen ovale, which transfers blood from the right atrium of the heart to the left atrium, and the ductus arteriosus, which transports blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, are the two shunts that bypass the lungs. The placenta allows the fetus to receive nutrients and oxygen from the mother's blood.
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